<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-9193</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuestiones constitucionales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuest. Const.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-9193</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-91932025000100108</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iij.24484881e.2025.52.19196</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Democracia e seus inimigos: a liberdade de expressão e o discurso de ódio no cenário político]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Democracy and its enemies: freedom of expression and hate speech in the political scene]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luiz Felipe Ferreira dos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampaio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marília de Ávila e Silva]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Brasileiro de Ensino, Desenvolvimento e Pesquisa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Brasileiro de Ensino, Desenvolvimento e Pesquisa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Braziil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>52</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-91932025000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-91932025000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-91932025000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O presente estudo objetiva conceituar e analisar o aumento dos extremismos e do discurso de ódio no cenário político, principalmente no Brasil. Busca-se verificar se os fenômenos são legítimos e inerentes à escolha de vida em sociedade, regida por um Estado Democrático de Direito, cuja tutela do direito de liberdade de expressão é fundamental, ou, se os limites impostos à liberdade de expressão legitimam que se censure os extremistas. Em sendo legítimo, a quem compete essa censura. Faz-se uma introdução sobre o ser humano, como ser social, e a necessidade do Estado como ente responsável pela regulação das interações humanas. Em seguida trata-se da democracia e seus fundamentos, cuja liberdade de expressão encontra papel de destaque. Aborda-se o aumento dos extremismos políticos no século XXI, exteriorizado, dentre outros, pelo discurso de ódio. Ao fim é abordada a dualidade entre a democracia e a liberdade de expressão, especialmente sobre a possiblidade (ou não) de impedimento ao discurso de ódio. Por meio do método hipotético-dedutivo, propõe-se uma conclusão que direciona para a necessidade da existência de mecanismos de defesa da democracia e contenção à irrestrita liberdade de expressão no sentido de não se tolerar os intolerantes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The present study aims to analyze the increase in extremism and hate speech in the political scene, mainly in Brazil. Then the aim it to verifying whether the phenomena are legitimate and inherent to the choice of life in society, governed by a Democratic State of Law, whose protection of the right to freedom of expression, in all its dimensions, is fundamental, or, if the limits Taxes on freedom of expression legitimize the censorship of extremists. If it is legitimate, who is responsible for this censorship? The human being is introduced, as a social being, and the need for the State as the entity responsible for regulating human interactions. Then it is about democracy and its foundations, whose freedom of expression finds a prominent role. The increase in political extremism in the 21st century is addressed, externalized, among others, by hate speech. At the end, the duality between democracy and freedom of expression is addressed, especially on the possibility (or not) of preventing hate speech. The conclusion proposed directs to the need for the existence of mechanisms to defend democracy and contain unrestricted freedom of expression in the sense of not tolerating the intolerant.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[liberdade de expressão]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[democracia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[extremismo político]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[discurso de ódio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[freedom of expression]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political extremism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hate speech]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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