<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-7743</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería, investigación y tecnología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. invest. y tecnol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-7743</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ingeniería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-77432021000100002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fi.25940732e.2021.22.1.002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Energy consumption and atmospheric emissions from refined petroleum in Mexico by 2030]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Consumo de energía y emisiones atmosféricas por el petróleo refinado en México para el año 2030]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granados-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elías]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xicoténcatl]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega-Rangel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa-Echeverría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodolfo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alarcón-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México FES Aragón Centro Tecnológico]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad para el Bienestar Benito Juárez García Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Salud y Calidad Ambiental ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera Sección de Contaminación Ambiental]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera Sección de Contaminación Ambiental]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera Sección de Contaminación Ambiental]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera Sección de Contaminación Ambiental]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera Sección de Contaminación Ambiental]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>0</fpage>
<lpage>0</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-77432021000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-77432021000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-77432021000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract One of the basic needs for a country&#8217;s economic development is to cover the major fuel demand, and both energy consumption and environmental impacts resulting from the production of such fuels need to be fast and reliable. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to an estimate of energy consumption and atmospheric emissions of some of the pollutant species reported by Pemex Refinacion under different projections. The predictive estimate model was applied considering four different gasoline demand scenarios, as well as different refining technology options to satisfy fuel consumption needs, based on production yields: four different types of refineries, three types of crude oils and eight different processes. Emission estimates were determined applying emission factors, both for the type of fossil fuel energy source used in the direct heating processes for vapor generation, as well by using electric energy. Results show that the equivalent energy consumption relative to the total processes crude is greater in complex refineries (full conversion); however, a greater conversion efficiency allows a smaller volume of crude consumption needed to satisfy the fuel demand with lower emissions relative to other types of technologies. Mexico&#8217;s possible refineries need to adapt themselves to different operation scenarios, such as changes in the crude&#8217;s yield, the quality of the product, variations in the prices of the crude and of the refined products. Therefore, is important to develop and apply perspectives than maximize productivity and minimize energy consumption, reducing air emissions, in constant change scenarios. Finally, the problem would then be evaluating which would be more convenient to obtain a greater socio-economic benefit: reduce emissions to the atmosphere or to lower operation costs of the refinery.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Cubrir la demanda de combustibles de mayor consumo es una de las necesidades básicas para el desarrollo económico de un país. Así también, el consumo de energía y los impactos ambientales debidos a la producción de estos combustibles deben ser informados con prontitud y confiabilidad. El objetivo que se persigue en este artículo es contribuir para obtener un estimado del consumo de energía y de las emisiones atmosféricas de algunas de las especies contaminantes reportadas por Pemex refinación, analizando diferentes proyecciones. El modelo de estimación predictivo se aplicó considerando cuatro escenarios de demanda de gasolinas, así como las siguientes opciones tecnológicas de refinación para satisfacer el consumo del combustible, con base en un rendimiento de producción: cuatro tipos de refinerías, tres tipos de crudo y ocho procesos. La estimación de las emisiones se determinó aplicando factores de emisión, tanto por tipo de fuente de energía fósil consumida en los procesos de calentamiento directo o para la generación de vapor, así como por el uso de energía eléctrica. Los resultados muestran que el consumo equivalente de energía respecto al total de crudo procesado es mayor en las refinerías muy complejas (R4), sin embargo, su gran eficiencia de conversión permite consumir menor volumen de crudo para satisfacer la demanda del combustible con emisiones bajas al aire, respecto a otro tipo de tecnologías. Las posibles refinerías en México tendrán que adaptarse a diferentes escenarios operativos, como cambios en el rendimiento del crudo, calidad del producto, así como variación en los precios del crudo y de los productos refinados. Por lo tanto, es importante desarrollar e implementar enfoques que maximicen la productividad y minimicen el consumo de energía, reduciendo las emisiones atmosféricas en escenarios operativos de constante cambio. Por último, el problema sería entonces evaluar qué sería más conveniente para obtener un mayor beneficio socioeconómico: reducir las emisiones a la atmósfera o disminuir los costos de operación de la refinería.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Energy consumption]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[oil refineries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[energy efficiency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[air pollution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gasolines]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Consumo energético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[refinerías de petróleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eficiencia energética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación del aire]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gasolinas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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