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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-5546</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comp. y Sist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-5546</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Computación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-55462013000400003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Uso eficiente de pivotes aplicado a la búsqueda aproximada en algoritmos rápidos sobre espacios métricos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Efficient use of Pivots for Approximate Search in Metric Spaces]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llanes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raisa Socorro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luisa Micó]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Superior Politécnico José Antonio Echeverría  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Alicante  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>477</fpage>
<lpage>488</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-55462013000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-55462013000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-55462013000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[El contexto de este trabajo es la búsqueda rápida de vecinos más cercanos en espacios métricos. Uno de los objetivos de estos algoritmos es la reducción del tiempo de respuesta durante la búsqueda. Reducir el tiempo de respuesta consiste muchas veces en reducir el número de distancias a calcular, debido al alto coste computacional que de por sí pueden tener las distancias a utilizar en ciertas aplicaciones. Nosotros proponemos una nueva versión y mejoras de un algoritmo recientemente publicado, PiAESA, variante del algoritmo AESA, usado como referencia en este área por sus buenos resultados desde hace más de 20 años. La nueva versión es más simple y permite una mejor comprensión del algoritmo y sus parámetros. Además, se ha conseguido aumentar la eficiencia definiendo una versión aproximada. Los resultados empíricos obtenidos utilizando datos artificiales y reales confirman una mejora en los resultados de la versión aproximada, con un alto porcentaje de una respuesta correcta (dada por un algoritmo exacto).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This work focuses on pivot-based fast nearest neighbor search algorithms that can work in any metric space. One of the objectives of these algorithms is to reduce the time consumed during search. Reducing time consumption of such algorithms usually consists in reducing the number of distances for computing, due to the high cost that they have in certain applications. We introduce a new version and improvements for a recently proposed algorithm, PiAESA, a variant of the AESA algorithm, used as baseline for performance measurement for over twenty years. The new version is simpler and allows better understanding of the algorithm and parameters used. Moreover, the efficiency is increased by defining an approximated version. Our empirical results with real and artificial databases confirm a consistent improvement in performance, when retrieving very high percentage of the correct answers (given by the exact algorithm).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Búsqueda aproximada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[espacios métricos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vecino más cercano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[distancias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Approximate search]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[metric spaces]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[near neighbor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[distances]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Art&iacute;culos regulares</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Uso eficiente de pivotes aplicado a la b&uacute;squeda aproximada en algoritmos r&aacute;pidos sobre espacios m&eacute;tricos</b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="3"><b>Efficient use of Pivots for Approximate Search in Metric Spaces</b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Raisa Socorro Llanes<sup>1</sup> , Luisa Mic&oacute; Andr&eacute;s<sup>2</sup></b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup><i>1</i></sup> <i>Instituto Superior Polit&eacute;cnico Jos&eacute; Antonio Echeverr&iacute;a, CUJAE,</i> <i>Cuba.</i> <a href="mailto:raisa@ceis.cujae.edu.cu">raisa@ceis.cujae.edu.cu</a></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup><i>2</i></sup> <i>Universidad de Alicante, Espa&ntilde;a.</i> <a href="mailto:mico@dlsi.ua.es">mico@dlsi.ua.es</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Article received on 13/06/2012    <br> 	Accepted on 20/06/2013</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El contexto de este trabajo es la b&uacute;squeda r&aacute;pida de vecinos m&aacute;s cercanos en espacios m&eacute;tricos. Uno de los objetivos de estos algoritmos es la reducci&oacute;n del tiempo de respuesta durante la b&uacute;squeda. Reducir el tiempo de respuesta consiste muchas veces en reducir el n&uacute;mero de distancias a calcular, debido al alto coste computacional que de por s&iacute; pueden tener las distancias a utilizar en ciertas aplicaciones. Nosotros proponemos una nueva versi&oacute;n y mejoras de un algoritmo recientemente publicado, PiAESA, variante del algoritmo AESA, usado como referencia en este &aacute;rea por sus buenos resultados desde hace m&aacute;s de 20 a&ntilde;os. La nueva versi&oacute;n es m&aacute;s simple y permite una mejor comprensi&oacute;n del algoritmo y sus par&aacute;metros. Adem&aacute;s, se ha conseguido aumentar la eficiencia definiendo una versi&oacute;n aproximada. Los resultados emp&iacute;ricos obtenidos utilizando datos artificiales y reales confirman una mejora en los resultados de la versi&oacute;n aproximada, con un alto porcentaje de una respuesta correcta (dada por un algoritmo exacto).</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave: </b>B&uacute;squeda aproximada, espacios m&eacute;tricos, vecino m&aacute;s cercano, distancias.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This work focuses on pivot&#45;based fast nearest neighbor search algorithms that can work in any metric space. One of the objectives of these algorithms is to reduce the time consumed during search. Reducing time consumption of such algorithms usually consists in reducing the number of distances for computing, due to the high cost that they have in certain applications. We introduce a new version and improvements for a recently proposed algorithm, <i>PiAESA,</i> a variant of the <i>AESA</i> algorithm, used as baseline for performance measurement for over twenty years. The new version is simpler and allows better understanding of the algorithm and parameters used. Moreover, the efficiency is increased by defining an approximated version. Our empirical results with real and artificial databases confirm a consistent improvement in performance, when retrieving very high percentage of the correct answers (given by the exact algorithm).</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Approximate search, metric spaces, near neighbor, distances.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/cys/v17n4/v17n4a3.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Agradecimientos</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Los autores agradecen a la Comisi&oacute;n Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnolog&iacute;a del gobierno de Espa&ntilde;a por la ayuda a trav&eacute;s del proyecto TIN2009&#45;14205&#45;C04&#45;C1, a la Conseller&iacute;a de Educaci&oacute;n de la Comunidad Valenciana a trav&eacute;s del proyecto PROMETEO/2012/01 y al Proyecto Habana de la Universidad de Alicante.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>1. 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