<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-3195</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agrociencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agrociencia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-3195</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Postgraduados]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-31952009000400004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de L-arginina y aceite de pescado en el comportamiento reproductivo de ovejas de pelo sincronizadas con un progestágeno]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of L-arginine and fish oil on the reproductive performance of hair sheep synchronization with a progestagen]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulbarela-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerónimo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pro-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becerril-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosendo-Ponce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adalberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallegos-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Veracruz ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>371</fpage>
<lpage>377</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-31952009000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-31952009000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-31952009000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[L-arginina es el sustrato de la enzima óxido nítrico sintetasa para la producción de óxido nítrico (NO), el cual influye en la fisiología reproductiva, mientras que el aceite de pescado inhibe la producción de NO. Por tanto, se estudiaron los efectos de un suplemento (por 3 d) de L-arginina (A) y aceite de pescado (AC) en el inicio del estro (E), porcentaje de estros (PE), tasa ovulatoria (TO), porcentaje de gestación (PG) y prolificidad (PR) en ovejas de pelo tratadas (12 d) con 40 mg de acetato de fluorogestona (AFG) impregnada en esponja de poliuretano vía intravaginal. Los tratamientos fueron: P=sólo progesterona oleosa (n=7); AFG+eCG=40 mg acetato de fluorogestona (12 d) + 400 UI gonadotropina coriónica equina (eCG; n = 8); AFG+A=AFG + 300 mg kg-1 A (n=10); AFG+AC = AFG + 6 % AC (n=11); AFG+A+AC (n=8). El E fue diferente (p<0.05) en las ovejas del AFG+eCG con 33.20 ± 3.90 h. El PE no fue diferente entre las ovejas de AFG+eCG, AFG+A y AFG+AC, pero diferente (p<0.05) con respecto a AFG+A+AC y P. La TO entre las ovejas fue diferente (p<0.05) para AFG+A (1.70±0.13), AFG+A+AC (1.80±0.13), AFG+AC (1.60±0.16) de cuerpos lúteos por oveja vs AFG+eCG (1.50±0.19) y P (1.40±0.25). El PG fue diferente (p<0.05) en AFG+eCG 100 % (8/8) y AFG+AC 90.9 % (10/11) vs AFG+A 70.0 % (7/10) y AFG+A+AC 87.5 % (7/8) y P con 28.6 % (2/7). La PR fue diferente (p<0.05): el mayor número de corderos por oveja se obtuvo con AFG+A (1.7±0.18) y el menor número con AFG+A+AC (1.1±0.14), no hubo diferencia en PR entre las ovejas de P (1.5±0.50), AFG+eCG (1.4±0.18) y AFG+AC (1.4±0.16). Las ovejas tratadas con AFG+A y AFG+AC presentaron características reproductivas similares a aquellas de AFG+eCG y mejor que con P. Hubo una interacción negativa en la PR con el suplemento de A+AC. Aparentemente A influye en el comportamiento reproductivo de la oveja de pelo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[L-arginine is a substrate of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase for production of nitric oxide (NO), which has an influence in reproductive physiology, while fish oil inhibits the production of NO. Therefore, an study was performed about the effects of a supplement (for 3 d) of L-arginine (A) (for 3 d) and fish oil (AC) on the onset of estrus (E), percentage of estrus (PE), ovulatory rate (TO), percentage gestation (PG) and prolificity (PR) in hair sheep ewes treated (12 d) with 40 mg of fluorogestone acetate (AFG) using an impregnated polyurethane sponge inserted into the vagina. The treatments were the following: P=progesterone oil alone (n=7); AFG+eCG=40 mg fluorogestone acetate (12 d) + 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; n=8); AFG+A=AFG+300mg kg-1 A (n=10); AFG+AC=AFG+ 6 % AC (n=11); AFG+A+AC (n=8). E was different (p<0.05) in ewes treated with AFG+eCG with 33.20±3.9 h. PE was not different among ewes treated with AFT + eCG, AFG+A and AFG+AC, but it was different (p<0.05) from that of those treated with AFG+A+AC and those treated with P alone. TO among ewes was different (p<0.05) for AFG+A (1.70±0.13), AFG+A+AC (1.80±0.13), AFG+AC (1.60±0.16) corpora lutea per ewe vs AFG+ECG (1.50±0.19) and P (1.40±0.25). PG was different (p<0.05) en AFG+eCG 100% (8/8) and AFG+AC 90.9 % (10/11) vs AFG+A 70.0 % (7/10) and AFG+A+AC 87.5 % (7/8) and P 28.6 % (2/7). PR was different (p<0.05): the largest number of lambs per ewe was obtained with AFG+A (1.7±0.18) and the smallest number with AFG+A+AC (1.1±0.14). There was no difference in PR among the ewes treated with P (1.5±0.50), AFG+eCG (1.4±0.18) and AFG+AC (1.4±0.16). The ewes treated with AFG+A and AFG+AC showed reproductive characteristics similar to those treated with AFG+ eCG and better characteristics than those treated with P alone. There was a negative interaction in PR with the supplement A+AC. A apparently influences the reproductive behavior of hair sheep ewes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aceite de pescado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acetato de fluorogestona]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[L-arginina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prolificidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tasa ovulatoria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fish oil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fluorogestone acetate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[L-arginine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[prolificity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ovulatory rate]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Ciencia animal</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Efecto de L&#150;arginina y aceite de pescado en el comportamiento reproductivo de ovejas de pelo sincronizadas con un progest&aacute;geno</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="3"><b>Effect of L&#150;arginine and fish oil on the reproductive performance of hair sheep synchronization with a progestagen</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Ger&oacute;nimo Bulbarela&#150;Garc&iacute;a<sup>1</sup>, Arturo Pro&#150;Mart&iacute;nez<sup>1</sup>, C. Miguel Becerril&#150;P&eacute;rez<sup>1</sup>, Pablo D&iacute;az&#150;Rivera<sup>2</sup>, Adalberto Rosendo&#150;Ponce<sup>2</sup>, Jaime Gallegos&#150;S&aacute;nchez<sup>1</sup>*</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> Ciencia Animal. Campus Montecillo. Colegio de Postgraduados. 56230. Montecillo, Estado de M&eacute;xico. *Autor responsable</i> (<a href="mailto:gallegos@colpos.mx">gallegos@colpos.mx</a>)</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2 </sup>Ciencia Animal. Campus Veracruz. Km 36.5.</i></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido: Noviembre, 2007.    <br> Aprobado: Abril, 2009.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">L&#150;arginina es el sustrato de la enzima &oacute;xido n&iacute;trico sintetasa para la producci&oacute;n de &oacute;xido n&iacute;trico (NO), el cual influye en la fisiolog&iacute;a reproductiva, mientras que el aceite de pescado inhibe la producci&oacute;n de NO. Por tanto, se estudiaron los efectos de un suplemento (por 3 d) de L&#150;arginina (A) y aceite de pescado (AC) en el inicio del estro (E), porcentaje de estros (PE), tasa ovulatoria (TO), porcentaje de gestaci&oacute;n (PG) y prolificidad (PR) en ovejas de pelo tratadas (12 d) con 40 mg de acetato de fluorogestona (AFG) impregnada en esponja de poliuretano v&iacute;a intravaginal. Los tratamientos fueron: P=s&oacute;lo progesterona oleosa (n=7); AFG+eCG=40 mg acetato de fluorogestona (12 d) + 400 UI gonadotropina cori&oacute;nica equina (eCG; n = 8); AFG+A=AFG + 300 mg kg<sup>&#150;1</sup> A (n=10); AFG+AC = AFG + 6 % AC (n=11); AFG+A+AC (n=8). El E fue diferente (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05) en las ovejas del AFG+eCG con 33.20 &plusmn; 3.90 h. El PE no fue diferente entre las ovejas de AFG+eCG, AFG+A y AFG+AC, pero diferente (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05) con respecto a AFG+A+AC y P. La TO entre las ovejas fue diferente (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05) para AFG+A (1.70&plusmn;0.13), AFG+A+AC (1.80&plusmn;0.13), AFG+AC (1.60&plusmn;0.16) de cuerpos l&uacute;teos por oveja <i>vs</i> AFG+eCG (1.50&plusmn;0.19) y P (1.40&plusmn;0.25). El PG fue diferente (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05) en AFG+eCG 100 % (8/8) y AFG+AC 90.9 % (10/11) <i>vs</i> AFG+A 70.0 % (7/10) y AFG+A+AC 87.5 % (7/8) y P con 28.6 % (2/7). La PR fue diferente (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05): el mayor n&uacute;mero de corderos por oveja se obtuvo con AFG+A (1.7&plusmn;0.18) y el menor n&uacute;mero con AFG+A+AC (1.1&plusmn;0.14), no hubo diferencia en PR entre las ovejas de P (1.5&plusmn;0.50), AFG+eCG (1.4&plusmn;0.18) y AFG+AC (1.4&plusmn;0.16). Las ovejas tratadas con AFG+A y AFG+AC presentaron caracter&iacute;sticas reproductivas similares a aquellas de AFG+eCG y mejor que con P. Hubo una interacci&oacute;n negativa en la PR con el suplemento de A+AC. Aparentemente A influye en el comportamiento reproductivo de la oveja de pelo.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> Aceite de pescado, acetato de fluorogestona, L&#150;arginina, prolificidad, tasa ovulatoria.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">L&#150;arginine is a substrate of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase for production of nitric oxide (NO), which has an influence in reproductive physiology, while fish oil inhibits the production of NO. Therefore, an study was performed about the effects of a supplement (for 3 d) of L&#150;arginine (A) (for 3 d) and fish oil (AC) on the onset of estrus (E), percentage of estrus (PE), ovulatory rate (TO), percentage gestation (PG) and prolificity (PR) in hair sheep ewes treated (12 d) with 40 mg of fluorogestone acetate (AFG) using an impregnated polyurethane sponge inserted into the vagina. The treatments were the following: P=progesterone oil alone (n=7); AFG+eCG=40 mg fluorogestone acetate (12 d) + 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; n=8); AFG+A=AFG+300mg kg<sup>&#150;1</sup> A (n=10); AFG+AC=AFG+ 6 % AC (n=11); AFG+A+AC (n=8). E was different (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05) in ewes treated with AFG+eCG with 33.20&plusmn;3.9 h. PE was not different among ewes treated with AFT + eCG, AFG+A and AFG+AC, but it was different (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05) from that of those treated with AFG+A+AC and those treated with P alone. TO among ewes was different (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05) for AFG+A (1.70&plusmn;0.13), AFG+A+AC (1.80&plusmn;0.13), AFG+AC (1.60&plusmn;<sub>&plusmn;</sub>0.16) corpora lutea per ewe <i>vs</i> AFG+ECG (1.50&plusmn;0.19) and P (1.40&plusmn;0.25). PG was different (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05) en AFG+eCG 100% (8/8) and AFG+AC 90.9 % (10/11) <i>vs</i> AFG+A 70.0 % (7/10) and AFG+A+AC 87.5 % (7/8) and P 28.6 % (2/7). PR was different (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05): the largest number of lambs per ewe was obtained with AFG+A (1.7&plusmn;0.18) and the smallest number with AFG+A+AC (1.1&plusmn;0.14). There was no difference in PR among the ewes treated with P (1.5&plusmn;0.50), AFG+eCG (1.4&plusmn;0.18) and AFG+AC (1.4&plusmn;0.16). The ewes treated with AFG+A and AFG+AC showed reproductive characteristics similar to those treated with AFG+ eCG and better characteristics than those treated with P alone. There was a negative interaction in PR with the supplement A+AC. A apparently influences the reproductive behavior of hair sheep ewes.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Key words:</b> Fish oil, fluorogestone acetate, L&#150;arginine, prolificity, ovulatory rate.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>INTRODUCCI&Oacute;N</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El amino&aacute;cido L&#150;arginina fue aislado en 1886 de semillas de <i>Lupinus </i>sp. (Wu y Morris, 1998) y la alimentaci&oacute;n con grano de lupino tiene efectos positivos en el comportamiento reproductivo (Blache <i>et al., </i>2000). Este amino&aacute;cido es usado para la s&iacute;ntesis de prote&iacute;na, &oacute;xido n&iacute;trico (NO), urea, poliaminas, prolina, glutamato, creatinina y agmantina. El NO estimula la enzima intracitoplasm&aacute;tica guanilato ciclasa soluble, responsable de la s&iacute;ntesis de guanos&iacute;n monofosfato c&iacute;clico (cGMP) que participa en la regulaci&oacute;n de la presi&oacute;n sangu&iacute;nea, la respuesta inmune, la detecci&oacute;n de olores, la agregaci&oacute;n de plaquetas, la neurotransmisi&oacute;n, la funci&oacute;n ov&aacute;rica, el desarrollo folicular y la ovulaci&oacute;n (Dhandapani y Brann, 2000; Alderton <i>et al., </i>2001; Squires, 2001).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">L&#150;arginina, convertida a ornitina, puede estimular la producci&oacute;n de GH y la secreci&oacute;n de LH (Recabarren <i>et al., </i>1996a; Recabarren <i>et al.; </i>1996b). Hamra <i>et al. </i>(2003) reportaron diferencias en la edad a la pubertad de ovejas con un suplemento de L&#150;arginina comparadas con las sin suplemento.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Los &aacute;cidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFAS) se han usado para enriquecer el contenido de omega 3 y 6 de la leche bovina y ovina (Kitessa <i>et al., </i>2003). El aceite de pescado es rico en &aacute;cido eicosapentanoico (EPA) y docosahexanoico (DHA) que mejoran la supervivencia embrionaria (Robinson <i>et al., </i>2006) e intervienen en la funci&oacute;n ov&aacute;rica y uterina afectando la tasa de pre&ntilde;ez (Mattos <i>et al., </i>(2000). Los &aacute;cidos linol&eacute;nico y linoleico reducen los niveles de progesterona en la fase l&uacute;tea temprana (Robinson <i>et al., </i>2002) y el aceite vegetal aumenta la actividad ov&aacute;rica postparto (Mar&iacute;n <i>et al., </i>2007).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En la reproducci&oacute;n de la oveja influyen la fertilidad, prolificidad y supervivencia de corderos. La prolificidad la determina la tasa ovulatoria que se puede aumentar mediante el manejo nutricional (Scaramuzzi, 1988), debido a que la energ&iacute;a, prote&iacute;na y amino&aacute;cidos, participan en la producci&oacute;n de hormonas e intervienen en el metabolismo del eje hipot&aacute;lamo&#150;hip&oacute;fisis&#150;g&oacute;nadas (Robinson <i>et al., </i>2006). Tsukahara <i>et al. </i>(1998) observaron <i>in vitro </i>que el NO estimula e inhibe al glutamato en el proceso de secreci&oacute;n de GnRH con participaci&oacute;n de los estr&oacute;genos y la enzima &oacute;xido n&iacute;trico sintetasa (NOS), la cual utiliza L&#150;arginina.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Adem&aacute;s, el desarrollo folicular y la ovulaci&oacute;n involucran la integraci&oacute;n de se&ntilde;ales de diversos &oacute;rganos (Rajkovic <i>et al., </i>2006). Los neurotransmisores glutamato y NO influyen en el pico preovulatorio de LH, porque el glutamato activa la producci&oacute;n del neurotransmisor gaseoso NO (Dhandapani y Brann, 2000). Por tanto, los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar el efecto de L&#150;arginina y aceite de pescado en el comportamiento reproductivo de la oveja y disminuir el uso de gonadotropina cori&oacute;nica equina, as&iacute; como determinar si el efecto del grano de lupino se debe a su alto contenido de L&#150;arginina.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>MATERIALES Y M&Eacute;TODOS</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">La fase experimental se realiz&oacute; en el Laboratorio de Reproducci&oacute;n de Ovinos y Caprinos del Colegio de Postgraduados, ubicado a 98&deg; 53' O y 19&deg; 29' N y 2240 m de altitud. Se usaron 44 ovejas de pelo con al menos un parto y peso promedio de 44.49&plusmn;8.51 kg.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Las ovejas pastorearon de 08.00 a 15.00 h en praderas de alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) y pasto ovillo (<i>Dactilys glomerata</i>). Al t&eacute;rmino del pastoreo recibieron una dieta con heno (1 kg oveja<sup>&#150;1</sup> d<sup>&#150;1</sup>) y concentrado comercial con 15 % de prote&iacute;na (500 g oveja<sup>&#150;1</sup> d<sup>&#150;1</sup>).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Los tratamientos fueron asignados aleatoriamente a las ovejas: 1) P=s&oacute;lo progesterona oleosa (P; n=7); 2) AFG + eCG = 40 mg acetato de fluorogestona (AFG) +400 UI gonadotropina cori&oacute;nica equina (eCG) (AFG+eCG; n=8); 3) AFG+A=AFG + 300 mg kg"<sup>1 </sup>L&#150;arginina (AFG+A; n= 10); 4) AFG+6 % aceite de pescado (AC, AFG+AC; n=11); 5) AFG+A+AC (n=8). Todas las ovejas fueron tratadas con 0.286 mg prostaglandinas (PGF<sub>2&alpha;</sub>)v&iacute;a intramuscular (vi) al colocarles la esponja intravaginal.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El inicio del experimento (<a href="/img/revistas/agro/v43n4/a4f1.jpg" target="_blank">Figura 1</a>) se consider&oacute; el d&iacute;a de colocaci&oacute;n de las esponjas (Cronolone&#150;Chrono&#150;Gest&#150;Intervet&reg;) por 12 d y s&oacute;lo las ovejas del tratamiento AFG + eCG recibieron vi 400 UI eCG (Folligon&#150;Intervet&reg;).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Las variables fueron: (E)=horas al estro despu&eacute;s de retirar las esponjas, definido como tiempo de respuesta; (PE)=porcentaje de estros, considerando el n&uacute;mero de ovejas en estro entre n&uacute;mero de ovejas del tratamiento; (TO)=tasa ovulatoria, el total de cuerpos l&uacute;teos dividido entre n&uacute;mero de ovejas; (PG)= porcentaje de gestaci&oacute;n, determinado como el n&uacute;mero de ovejas gestantes entre n&uacute;mero de ovejas servidas; (PR)=prolificidad, calculada por el n&uacute;mero de corderos nacidos entre n&uacute;mero de ovejas paridas. El diagn&oacute;stico de estros se realiz&oacute; con un carnero provisto de mandil; la inseminaci&oacute;n fue por monta natural a estro detectado y la tasa ovulatoria; el porcentaje de gestaci&oacute;n por ultrasonido con un equipo Sonovet 600 con sonda de 7.5 mHz v&iacute;a rectal.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El dise&ntilde;o experimental fue completamente al azar con el siguiente modelo estad&iacute;stico:</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/agro/v43n4/a4s1.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">donde, <i>Y<sub>ij</sub></i>= variable de respuesta en <i>i</i>&#150;&eacute;simo tratamiento, <i>j</i>&#150;&eacute;sima repetici&oacute;n; <i>&micro;</i>= media general;<i> t<sub>i</sub></i>=efecto del <i>i&#150;&eacute;simo</i> tratamiento; <i>j<i><sub>t</sub></i>=</i>efecto de la <i>j</i>&#150;&eacute;sima repetici&oacute;n; <i>&epsilon;<sub>ij</sub></i>=error experimental <i>i</i>&#150;&eacute;simo tratamiento en la <i>j</i>&#150;&eacute;sima repetici&oacute;n.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El an&aacute;lisis de los datos se realiz&oacute; con los procedimientos GLM para la variable E; CATMOD para las variables PE, TO y PR; LOGISTIC para la variable PG, usando SAS (1999).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>RESULTADOS Y DISCUSI&Oacute;N</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El menor E se obtuvo en las ovejas del tratamiento AFG+eCG, no hubo diferencias entre AFG+A, AFG&#150;+AC y AFG+A+AC, y el mayor E fue para P (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05; <a href="/img/revistas/agro/v43n4/a4c1.jpg" target="_blank">Cuadro 1</a>). El efecto de la eCG sobre E fue evidente, aunque en el presente estudio se buscaron alternativas al uso indiscriminado de productos hormonales.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">A&uacute;n sin usar eCG, los resultados de E con los tratamientos AFG+A, AFG+AC y AFG+A+AC, fueron similares a los obtenidos por Iida <i>et al. </i>(2004) al usar tres fuentes de progest&aacute;genos m&aacute;s eCG. Sin embargo, Kohno <i>et al. </i>(2005) no reportaron diferencias en ovejas tratadas con AFG y 500 UI eCG, 24 h antes de retirar las esponjas. Barbas <i>et al. </i>(2002) obtuvieron resultados similares al comparar 30 mg de AFG m&aacute;s 250 UI <i>vs </i>500 UI de eCG al remover las esponjas.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Al usar s&oacute;lo progest&aacute;genos m&aacute;s suplemento, los E obtenidos en este estudio fueron mayores a los reportados por Kridli <i>et al. </i>(2006). Los factores que pueden influir en el tiempo de respuesta a los tratamientos de sincronizaci&oacute;n son la absorci&oacute;n del progest&aacute;geno por el epitelio vaginal, la aplicaci&oacute;n de eCG y la respuesta inmune (Rhodes y Nathaniels, 1998; Kohno <i>et al., </i>2005; Iida <i>et al., </i>2004). Los E en las ovejas AFG+A, AFG+AC fueron similares a los reportados por Ataman <i>et al. </i>(2006) quienes observaron 44.5&plusmn;1.8 h usando AFG 30 mg por 7 d y 46.3&plusmn;1.8 h con AFG 30 mg por 12 d y (PGF <sub>2&alpha;</sub>)al retirar las esponjas, con 100 % de ovejas en estro y una tasa de gestaci&oacute;n de 86.6 y 76.9 %.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El mayor PE (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05) se present&oacute; en las ovejas con los tratamientos AFG+eCG, AFG+A y AFG+AC; el porcentaje fue menor en AFG+A+AC pero fue m&aacute;s alto que en P. La TO para las ovejas de los tratamientos AFG+A y AFG+A+AC fue mayor (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05) con respecto a P, AFG+eCG y AFG+AC. La TO obtenida en las ovejas con suplemento A y AC fue similar a la reportada por Kosior&#150;Korzecka y Bobowiec (2003) para ovejas con un suplemento de lupino (1.69&plusmn;0.46) comparadas con las que s&oacute;lo recibieron heno (1.29&plusmn;0.45). Sin embargo, los bajos niveles nutricionales en ovejas 6 meses antes de la monta reduce el n&uacute;mero de fol&iacute;culos ovulatorios (Robinson <i>et al., </i>2006).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">La TO puede usarse para inferir la prolificidad de las ovejas y como indicador general de la prolificidad del reba&ntilde;o (Vi&ntilde;oles <i>et al., </i>2005). El uso de eCG beneficia el crecimiento folicular y aumenta la tasa ovulatoria, fertilidad y la sincronizaci&oacute;n de la ovulaci&oacute;n en ovejas ciclando y en anestro (Maurel <i>et al., </i>2003).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En el presente estudio m&aacute;s ovejas resultaron gestantes en los tratamientos AFG+eCG y AFG+AC, menos con AFG+A y AFG+A+AC y menor en P (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05). El PG refleja la fertilidad general del reba&ntilde;o y la eficiencia del manejo reproductivo, el cual involucra un diagn&oacute;stico de gestaci&oacute;n temprano para reducir el intervalo entre partos y favorece el manejo por lotes (L&oacute;pez&#150;Sebasti&aacute;n <i>et al., </i>2005).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Los PG en las ovejas de los tratamientos AFG+eCG y AFG+AC fueron similares a los reportados por Dogan y Nur (2006), quienes usaron medroxiprogesterona impregnada en un dispositivo siliconado intravaginal por 12 d y 500 UI eCG m&aacute;s 125 mg PGF<sub>2&alpha;</sub> al retirar los dispositivos. Sin embargo, fueron inferiores a los observados por Ataman <i>et al. </i>(2006) para AFG impregnada en poliuretano (30 mg por 12 y 7 d) m&aacute;s 0.294 mg PGF<sub>2&alpha;</sub> o 400 UI eCG, al remover las esponjas.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">La prolificidad fue mayor para las ovejas del tratamiento AFG+A, luego para los tratamientos P, AFG+eCG, AFG+AC, y la menor fue para las ovejas AFG+A+AC (p<u>&lt;</u>0.05). La prolificidad observada en el presente estudio fue similar a la reportada para ovejas Pelibuey, 1.3 y 1.4 (Gonz&aacute;les&#150;Reyna <i>et al., </i>1991), con un promedio de 1.4 (Galina <i>et al., </i>1992) y en clima c&aacute;lido h&uacute;medo 1.46 (Galina <i>et al., </i>1996). Adem&aacute;s, Kridli et al. (2006) reportaron 1.4&plusmn;0.3, mientras que Barbas <i>et al. </i>(2002) encontraron 1.44 al usar 40 mg AFG m&aacute;s 250 o 500 UI eCG. Sin embargo, hay diferencias con los resultados obtenidos por Ataman <i>et al. </i>(2006) en la estaci&oacute;n reproductiva (1.7&#150;1.8) y la &eacute;poca de anestro (1.5).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>CONCLUSIONES</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se encontraron efectos positivos en el comportamiento reproductivo de ovejas de pelo que recibieron un suplemento con L&#150;arginina, el cual mejor&oacute; la presentaci&oacute;n de estros, la tasa ovulatoria y la prolificidad.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>AGRADECIMIENTOS</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El primer autor fue apoyado por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog&iacute;a (CONACYT). El proyecto fue financiado parcialmente por el Colegio de Postgraduados a trav&eacute;s de la l&iacute;nea de investigaci&oacute;n Sistemas de Producci&oacute;n Agr&iacute;cola, Pecuario, Forestal, Acu&iacute;cola y Pesquero (SPAPFAyP; L&iacute;nea 11).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>LITERATURA CITADA</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Alderton, K. W., E. C. Cooper, and G. R. Knowles. 2001. Nitric oxide synthases: structure, function and inhibition. Biochem. 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