<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-9532</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de ingeniería biomédica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. ing. bioméd]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-9532</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Ingeniería Biomédica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-95322020000300102</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17488/rmib.41.3.3</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Probabilistic Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection using Superpixels and Markov Random Fields]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Detección Probabilística de Lesiones de Esclerosis Múltiple usando Superpixeles y Campos Aleatorios de Markov]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arce-Santana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgar R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ildefonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-95322020000300102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-95322020000300102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-95322020000300102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurodegenerative disease among young adults. Diagnosis and monitoring of MS is performed with T2-weighted or T2 FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging, where MS lesions appear as hyperintense spots in the white matter. In recent years, multiple algorithms have been proposed to detect these lesions with varying success rates, which greatly depend on the amount of a priori information required by each algorithm, such as the use of an atlas or the involvement of an expert to guide the segmentation process. In this work, a fully automatic method that does not rely on a priori anatomical information is proposed and evaluated. The proposed algorithm is based on an over-segmentation in superpixels and their classification by means of Gauss-Markov Measure Fields (GMMF). The main advantage of the over-segmentation is that it preserves the borders between tissues, while the GMMF classifier is robust to noise and computationally efficient. The proposed segmentation is then applied in two stages: first to segment the brain region and then to detect hyperintense spots within the brain. The proposed method is evaluated with synthetic images from BrainWeb, as well as real images from MS patients. The proposed method produces competitive results with respect to other algorithms in the state of the art, without requiring user assistance nor anatomical prior information.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La Esclerosis Múltiple (MS) es una de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas más comunes en adultos jóvenes. El diagnóstico y su monitoreo se realiza generalmente mediante imágenes de resonancia magnética T2 o T2 FLAIR, donde se observan regiones hiperintensas relacionadas a lesiones cerebrales causadas por la MS. En años recientes, múltiples algoritmos han sido propuestos para detectar estas lesiones con diferentes tasas de éxito las cuales dependen en gran medida de la cantidad de información a priori que requiere cada algoritmo, como el uso de un atlas o el involucramiento de un experto que guíe el proceso de segmentación. En este trabajo, se propone un método automático independiente de información anatómica. El algoritmo propuesto está basado en una sobresegmentación en superpixeles y su clasificación mediante un proceso de Campos Aleatorios de Markov de Medidas Gaussianas (GMMF). La principal ventaja de la sobresegmentación es que preserva bordes entre tejidos, además que tiene un costo reducido en tiempo de ejecución, mientras que el clasificador GMMF es robusto a ruido y computacionalmente eficiente. La segmentación propuesta es aplicada en dos etapas: primero para segmentar el cerebro y después para detectar las lesiones en él. El método propuesto es evaluado usando imágenes sintéticas de BrainWeb, así como también imágenes reales de pacientes con MS. Con respecto a los resultados, el método propuesto muestra un desempeño competitivo respecto a otros métodos en el estado del arte, tomando en cuenta que éste no requiere de asistencia o información a priori.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Multiple Sclerosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lesion Detection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Superpixels]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GMMF, Image Segmentation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Esclerosis Múltiple]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Detección de Lesiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Superpixeles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[GMMF]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Segmentación de Imágenes]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benito-León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review about the impact of multiple sclerosis on health-related quality of life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Disability and Rehabilitation]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>1291-303</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manjón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coupé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[volBrain: An Online MRI Brain Volumetry System]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Neuroinformatics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>30</numero>
<issue>30</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fast robust automated brain extraction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Human Brain Mapping]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>143-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mortazavi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kouzani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soltanian-Zadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions in MR images: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuroradiology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>299-320</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia-Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Francis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narayanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review of automatic segmentation methods of multiple sclerosis white matter lesions on conventional magnetic resonance imaging]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Image Analysis]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khayati R]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vafadust M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TowhidkhahF]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nabavi M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fully automatic segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions in brain MR FLAIR images using adaptive mixtures method and markov random field model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers in Biolology and Medicine]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>379-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khayati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vafadust]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Towhidkhah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nabavi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A novel method for automatic determination of different stages of multiple sclerosis lesions in brain MR FLAIR images]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>124-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vapnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An overview of statistical learning theory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>988-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zijdenbos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dawant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Margolin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Morphometric analysis of white matter lesion in MR images: method and valida-tion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>716-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Boer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Lijn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vrooman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vernooij]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ikram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breteler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MMB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niessen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Automatic segmentation of brain tissue and white matter lesions in MRI]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 4IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Arlington </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Awad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chehdi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multicomponent Image Segmentation Using a Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>571-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shiee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bazin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P-L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozturk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calabresi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A topology-preserving approach to the segmentation of brain images with multiple sclerosis lesions. NeuroImage]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1524-653</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aït-Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hellier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carsin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barillot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[STREM: A Robust Multidimensional Parametric Method to Segment MS Lesions in MRI]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duncan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention MICCAI]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>3749</volume>
<page-range>409-16</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sprinfer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dempster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laird]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data via EM Algorithm]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Royal Statistical Society]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morrissey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barillot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A robust Expectation-Maximization algorithm for Multiple Sclerosis lesion segmentation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MICCAI Workshop: 3D Segmentation in the Clinic: A Grand Challenge II, MS lesion segmentation]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measurement and Reliability: Statistical Thinking Considerations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Schizophrenia Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>483-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation from Precision, Recall and F-measure to ROC, Informedness, Markedness and Correlation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal Machine Learning Technologies]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>37-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jawad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melhem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Launer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bryan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davatzikos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Computer-Assisted Segmentation of White Matter Lesions in 3D MR images using Support Vector Machine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Academic Radiology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>300-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alignment by Maximization of Mutual Information]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Computer Vision]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>137-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Color image segmentation using pixel wise support vector machine classification]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pattern Recognition]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>777-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toussaint]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souplet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fillard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MedINRIA Medical Image Navigation and Research Tool by INRIA. In Proceedings of MICCAI Workshop on Interaction in Medical Image Analysis and Visualization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brisbane: MICCAI]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>4791</volume>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Achata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Süsstrunk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SLIC Superpixels Compared to State-of-the-Art Superpixel Methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis Machine Intelligence]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2274-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marroquin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gauss-Markov measure field models for low-level vision]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis Machine Intelligence]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>337-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kee-Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Superpixel Classification Based Optic Disc and Optic Cup Segmentation for Glaucoma Screening]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1019-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[gSLIC: a real-time implementation of SLIC superpixel segmentation]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>201</volume>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haralick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shapiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Computer and Robot Vision]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boston, United States: Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing;]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<page-range>28-48p</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cocosco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kollokian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pike]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[BrainWeb Online Interface to a 3D MRI Simulated Brain Database]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NeuroImage]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>425</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lecoeur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barillot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation Using an Automatic Multimodal Graph Cuts]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G-Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hawkes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rueckert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noble]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention - MICCAI 2009]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin, Heidelberg ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bricq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Collet]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armspach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lesions detection on 3D brain MRI using trimmed likelihood estimator and probabilistic atlas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[2008 5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>93-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forbes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia-Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barillot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dojat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adaptive weigthed fusion of multiple MR sequences for brain lesion segmentation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[2010 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>69-72</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rotterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freifeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenspan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection Using Constrained GMM and Curve Evolution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Biomedical Imaging]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>715124</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
