<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992022000100124</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/rica.54504</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación de riesgo ecológico por elementos potencialmente tóxicos en sedimentos costeros de un estuario tropical hipereutrófico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ecologic risk assessment by potentially toxic elements in coastal sediments of a tropical hypereutrophic estuary]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín-Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio César]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polo-Vallejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristian Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Zulia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maracaibo estado Zulia]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Experimental Rafael María Baralt  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ estado Zulia]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992022000100124&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992022000100124&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992022000100124&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La composición física, química y biológica de los sedimentos se ha usado ampliamente como indicador de calidad ambiental de los ecosistemas acuáticos, no obstante, la aplicación de directrices de calidad permite estimar de manera práctica los riesgos ecológicos asociados a la presencia de elementos potencialmente tóxicos (EPT) como metales, metaloides y otros. En este trabajo se evaluó el riesgo ecológico por Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn y Cu en sedimentos costeros del Lago de Maracaibo (Venezuela), mediante un enfoque multidirectrices (índices de enriquecimiento elemental y evaluación de riesgo ecológico potencial). Para ello, se recolectaron 33 muestras de sedimentos superficiales en 11 estaciones de muestreo de la zona costera del lago, para determinar los niveles totales de los EPT mediante espectrometría de absorción atómica con horno de grafito, previa digestión ácida en reactores de alta presión. Las concentraciones medias fueron de 3.811 ± 3.161, 0.032 ± 0.090, 8.574 ± 6.429, 26.480 ± 3.762 y 2.644 ± 1.792 mg/kg de masa seca para Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn y Cu, respectivamente. Los valores de los índices aplicados señalaron riesgos ecológicos de moderados a considerables por la presencia de Cd en algunas localidades, no obstante, las directrices de calidad de sedimento destacaron que la probabilidad de ocurrencia es muy baja o despreciable (9 %), considerándose un ambiente propicio para la vida acuática. Los EPT con mayor potencial de riesgo ecológico fueron Cd y Zn, mientras que el Cu exhibió las menores posibilidades de efectos adversos. Es necesario evaluar el riesgo ecológico potencial asociado a EPT en sedimentos internos de la bahía, el estrecho y de la zona central del lago.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The physicochemical and biological composition of sediments has been widely used as an environmental quality indicator of aquatic ecosystems, however, the application of different quality guidelines allows for a practical estimation of ecological risks associated with the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTE) such as metals, metalloids and others. In this work the ecological risk due to Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu presence in coastal sediments from Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela) were evaluated, using a multiguidelines approach (elemental enrichment indices and evaluation of potential ecological risk). To do this, 33 surface sediment samples in 11 sampling stations in the lake coastal area were collected to determine the total PTE levels by means of atomic absorption spectrometry coupled to a graphite furnace after acid digestion in high-pressure vessels. The mean concentrations were 3.811 ± 3.161, 0.032 ± 0.090, 8.574 ± 6.429, 26.480 ± 3.762 and 2.644 ± 1.792 mg/kg dry mass for Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu, respectively. The values of applied guidelines indicated moderate to considerable ecological risks due to the Cd presence in some localities, however, the sediment quality guidelines highlighted that the occurrence probability is very low or negligible (9%), so it can be considering an environment conducive to aquatic life. The EPTs with the highest potential for ecological risk were Cd and Zn, while Cu exhibited the lowest possibilities of adverse effects. It is necessary to assess the potential ecological risk associated with EPT levels in internal sediments of the bay, the strait and the central zone of lake.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[directrices de calidad de sedimento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enriquecimiento antrópico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de carga contaminante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de geoacumulación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Lago de Maracaibo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metales pesados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sediment quality guidelines]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[anthropogenic enrichment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollutant load index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[geo-accumulation index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lake Maracaibo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heavy metals]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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