<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigaciones geográficas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Invest. Geog]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geografía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-46112022000200103</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14350/rig.60547</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Risk of urban flash floods in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Riesgo de inundaciones urbanas repentinas en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moises]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tania]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Posgrado en Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>108</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-46112022000200103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-46112022000200103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-46112022000200103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (GMA), in western Mexico, has experienced a rapid demographic and urban growth in recent decades. As a result of land use changes, an Urban Heat Island (UHI) has developed and intensified, which reflects not only in air surface temperature increases, but also in higher atmospheric moisture content and more intense precipitation events. Storms have become more frequent since the beginning of 1980s, which makes them one of the major meteorological hazards for the city. Such an increase in strong storms appears to be related to the urbanization process which in turn, has increased the vulnerability of the GMA to intense rains. The urban expansion towards the higher parts of the region has led to more water runoff and flash flood events in the low-level parts of the metropolitan area. An analysis by means of observed meteorological data and a rainfall - runoff model shows that the combined effect of increased precipitation and vulnerability results in a higher risk of urban flash floods. The loss of natural vegetation, the main roads that act as water channels that converge into the central part of the city, an insufficient drainage system and the lack of prevention actions have resulted in more frequent urban flash floods. All these vulnerability factors are associated with an inadequate urban expansion process. The model of flood risk may be used to define adaptation measures to face a changing climate.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara (ZMG), en el occidente de México, ha experimentado un rápido crecimiento demográfico y urbano durante las últimas décadas. Como resultado de los cambios en el uso del suelo, se ha desarrollado e intensificado una isla de calor urbano (UHI), que se refleja no solo en aumentos de la temperatura de la superficie del aire, sino también en un mayor contenido de humedad atmosférica y eventos de precipitación más intensos. Las tormentas se han vuelto más frecuentes desde principios de la década de 1980, lo que las convierte en uno de los principales peligros meteorológicos para la ciudad. Este aumento de tormentas fuertes parece estar relacionado con el proceso de urbanización que, a su vez, ha aumentado la vulnerabilidad de la ZMG a las lluvias intensas. Esta expansión hacia las partes más altas de la región ha provocado más escorrentías y eventos de inundaciones repentinas en las partes bajas del área metropolitana. Un análisis por medio de datos meteorológicos observados y un modelo de lluvia-escorrentía muestra que el efecto combinado de mayor precipitación y vulnerabilidad resulta en un mayor riesgo de inundaciones urbanas repentinas. La pérdida de vegetación natural, las vías principales que actúan como canales de agua, que confluyen en la parte central de la ciudad, un sistema de drenaje insuficiente y la falta de acciones de prevención han dado como resultado inundaciones urbanas súbitas más frecuentes. Todos estos factores de vulnerabilidad están asociados a un inadecuado proceso de expansión urbana. El modelo de riesgo de inundaciones puede utilizarse para definir medidas de adaptación para hacer frente a un clima cambiante.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Urban flood risk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urban heat island]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[storms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rainfall-runoff]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgo de inundación urbana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[isla de calor urbana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tormentas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lluvia-escorrentía]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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