<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigaciones geográficas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Invest. Geog]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geografía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-46112017000100010</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14350/rig.50249</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Detección de árboles dañados por plaga en bosques de Abies religiosa en la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca, mediante fotografías aéreas infrarroja]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Detection of trees damaged by pests in Abies religiosa forests in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve using infrared aerial photography]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leautaud Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Secretaría del Medio ambiente del D.F. Dirección de ordenamiento ecológico del territorio y manejo ambiental del agua ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xochimilco D.F.]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNAM Instituto de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coyoacán D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>92</numero>
<fpage>0</fpage>
<lpage>0</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-46112017000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-46112017000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-46112017000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Las plagas forestales son agentes que ocasionan daños de tipo mecánico o fisiológico a los árboles, como deformaciones, disminuciones en el crecimiento, debilitamiento o incluso la muerte, causando un impacto ecológico, económico y social importante. En este estudio se desarrolla una técnica para la detección de plaga forestal por medio de fotografías aéreas infrarrojas. El uso de fotografías aéreas digitales en color e infrarrojo permitió obtener imágenes VIR (visible + infrarrojo) con cuatro bandas y una resolución aproximada de un metro por pixel. Mediante la interpretación visual se logró reconocer y localizar árboles con algún estado de deterioro e incluso individuos muertos. Se analizó una superficie de 1 907 ha en sierra Chincua, donde la mayor afectación se dio en zona núcleo con 97 puntos (62%) con más del doble de densidad de individuos (11 árboles/km2) en comparación con la zona de amortiguamiento (4 árboles/km2). Este mayor daño es debido a las políticas de manejo forestal, que establecen el no manejo (incluido el saneamiento) en la zona núcleo. Las fotografías aéreas digitales son útiles para la detección de árboles dañados en los bosques de oyamel mediante la interpretación visual con una eficiencia del 98%. El méto do utilizado tiene una mayor relación costo-efectividad comparado con sobrevuelo de helicóptero y trabajo de campo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Forest pests are pathogens that cause mechanical or physiological damage to trees, such as deformations, disrupted growth, weakening, or even death, leading to important ecological, economic and social impacts. This study focused on the development of a technique for the detection of forest pests using infrared aerial photography. The general reflectance characteristics of healthy and damaged leaves are currently well known; Reid (1987) already described these features, with a shift toward blue and a reduced infrared reflectance as the dominant effects. As the plant disease progresses, the above effects become more apparent. The use of infrared digital aerial photographs allowed to obtain VIR (visible + infrared) images with four bands and a resolution of approximately one meter per pixel. Trees with some degree of deterioration and even dead individuals were identified and located through visual interpretation. Color and infrared digital aerial photographs captured in March 2009 were used; two cameras were used: a Nikon D2X camera for the acquisition of images in the visible range (EV), and a Canon EOS Digital Rebel camera for infrared (IR) images. Once individual photographs were processed and organized, V and IR images were superimposed using the Photoshop editing program (Adobe&#8482;) Once composite V+IR (VIR) images were obtained, those covering the sampling area were selected and georeferenced. Rectified images were required to elaborate a mosaic encompassing the sampling area. The rectified images and the final mosaic had a spatial resolution of 90 centimeters per pixel. The detection technique was designed using three methodological approaches: automatic, semi-automatic and manual processes. The semi-automatic and automatic modalities correspond to an assisted and unassisted spectral classification, respectively, while the manual method consisted in the direct observation of the photographs processed. The technique developed used as basis the photographic mosaic of the sampling area. The unassisted and assisted spectral classification technique was carried out in the ERDAS Imagine image-processing software package. For the unassisted classification, tests were carried out considering various numbers of categories: 5, 10 and 15; the assisted classification included the spectral properties of each category used for the partition to group images into five categories: healthy forest, diseased forest, Juniperus scrubland, bare soil and shaded areas. The accuracy of the technique for the detection of damaged trees was verified through field work, visiting different checkpoints where the health status of the tree was corroborated by direct observation and infrared photography at ground level. A representative sampling area of the A. religiosa forest was established in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (RBMM), sufficient to encompass the largest number of damaged trees, but not so large as to excessively prolong the information-processing phases and make field sampling unattainable. The analysis comprised an area of 1907 ha in Sierra Chincua, where the greatest affectation was observed in a core zone including 97 points (62%) with more than twice the density of individuals (11 trees/km2), relative to the buffer zone (4 trees/km2). This greater damage is the result of forest management policies, which have set no management (including sanitation) in the core zone. At the end of this research work, we concluded that digital aerial photographs proved useful for the detection of damaged trees in Abies religiosa forests of RBMM. It is possible to obtain multispectral images using a low-cost photographic technology that is relatively simple and widely available. Our study showed that the best method to detect damage in A. religiosa forests in RBMM is the visual interpretation of aerial photographs, yielding a detection efficiency of over 98%. The method used has a greater cost-effectiveness compared to helicopter overflight and field work. Likewise, the method developed in this research work is a contribution to the detection of forest pests.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fotografía aérea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[imagen infrarrojo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plagas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[daños]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[detección]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aerial photography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[infrared image]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[damage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[detection]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Pathology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<edition>4</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stand and landscape level effects of a major outbreak of spruce beetles on forest vegetation in the Copper River Basin, Alaska]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wesser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winterberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Ecology and Management]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>227</volume>
<page-range>257-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beaubien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jobin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Forest insect damage and cover types from high-altitude color-IR photographs and ERTS-1 imagery]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Proceedings ISP VII Symposium Remote Sensing Photo Interpretation]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Alberta, Canadá </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spruce snag quantification by coupling colour infrared aerial photos and a GIS]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bütler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schlaepfe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Ecology and Management]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>195</volume>
<page-range>325-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incendios forestales y medio ambiente: una síntesis global]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedernera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ambiente y Desarrollo de CIPMA]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>3-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aerial photography in the next decade]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Forestry]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<page-range>17-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiorella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of methods of conifer forest change detection with Thematic Mapper imagery]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lunetta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elvidge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sensing Change Detection: Environmental Monitoring Methods and Applications]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>89-102</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taylor & Francis]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CONABIO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La diversidad biológica de México: Estudio de País]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CONAFOR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Manual de Sanidad Forestal]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comisión Nacional Forestal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Situación fitosanitaria forestal en la Reserva de la Biósfera de la Mariposa Monarca]]></article-title>
<collab>CONAFOR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Reporte]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Coordinación General de Conservación y Restauración, Comisión Nacional Forestal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornejo-Tenorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibarra-Manríquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Flora ilustrada de la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of ozone and acid mist on the spectral reflectance of young Norway spruce trees]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Essery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>3045-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>FAO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The Challenge of Sustainable Forest Management. What future for the world&#8217;s forests?]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Roma, Italia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Food and Agriculture Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franklin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sensing for Sustainable Forest Management]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[EE.UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lewis Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aerial and satellite sensor detection and classification of western spruce budworm defoliation in a subalpine forest]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franklin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCreight]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiorella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>299-308</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estado del conocimiento de oyamel]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Estado de México, México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela Nacional de Agricultura, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of dead or defoliated spruces using digital aerial data]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nevalainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Ecology and Management]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>160</volume>
<page-range>97-107</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The red-edge of plant leaf reflectance]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. N. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dockray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>273-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detecting forest damage in CIR aerial photographs using a neural network&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klobu&#269;ar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pernar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lon&#269;ari&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suba&#353;i&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seletkovi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[An&#269;i&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>157-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lillesand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiefer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<edition>3</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley & Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luther]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franklin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hudak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Satellite remote sensing of current year defoliation by forest pests in western Newfoundland]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Proceedings, XIV Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Ottawa </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contribución al conocimiento de la ecología de los bosques de oyamel Abies religiosa (H.B.K. Sh1. Et Cham), en el Valle de México]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madrigal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bol. Téc.]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[I.N.I.F. de la Secretaria de Agricultura y Recursos Hidraúlicos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manzanilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Investigaciones epidométricas y silvécolas en bosques mexicanos de Abies religiosa]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección General de Información y Relaciones Públicas de la Secretaría de Agricultura y Ganadería]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Payne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rohweder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems: Forest Ecosystems]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D. C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WRI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seasonal patterns in leaf reflectance red-edge characteristics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belanger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>1509-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extraction of damaged areas of windfall trees by typhoons using Landsat TM data]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasegawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>647-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Color infra-red photo interpretation and ground surveys evaluate spruce beetle attack]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murtha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cozens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>177-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudio sinecológico del bosque de oyamel de la cañada de Contreras, Distrito Federal]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto de Pascual]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia Forestal en México]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>77</numero>
<issue>77</issue>
<page-range>3-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Features of Spatial Snag Distribution in a Beech-Fir Forest]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pernar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seletkovi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[An&#269;i&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su&#269;i&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>325-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of remote sensing for forest vegetation management: a problem analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wagner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[King]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leckie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Runesson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Forestry Chronicle]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>459-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>PNUMA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[GEO América Latina y el Caribe. Perspectivas del Medio Ambiente 2003]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resource management of forest wetlands: hurricane impact and recovery mapped by combining Landsat TM and NOAA AVHRR data]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. W. III]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chappell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sapkota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>733-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Remote sensing and forest damage]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>428-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Remote detection of forest damage]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogelmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogelmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoshizaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[BioScience]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>439-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rzedowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Vegetación de México]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SEMARNAT</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe de la situación del medio ambiente en México. Compendio de Estadísticas Ambientales 2002]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SEMARNAT</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Indicadores básicos del desempeño ambiental de México]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integration of remote sensing and in situ data in an analysis of air pollution effects on terrestrial ecosystems in the border area between Norway and Russia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tømmervik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gunerisussen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Monitoring and Assessment]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>51-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surveying mountain pine beetle damage of forests: A review of remote sensing opportunities]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wulder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dymond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leckie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carroll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Ecology and Management]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>221</volume>
<page-range>27-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
