<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0186-1042</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Contaduría y administración]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Contad. Adm]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0186-1042</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Contaduría y Administración]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0186-10422022000300004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fca.24488410e.2022.3245</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Relación de largo plazo entre competencia bancaria y crecimiento económico: un enfoque internacional clasificado por nivel de ingreso]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Long-term relation between bank competition and economic growth: An international approach by income level]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tomas]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos Bolívar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Humberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zambrano Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0186-10422022000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0186-10422022000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0186-10422022000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La competencia en el sector bancario podría jugar un papel crítico en el crecimiento económico de los países a largo plazo. Por tanto, para analizar esta relación se utilizan tres medidas diferentes de competencia: el índice de Lerner, el índice de Boone y el índice de concentración. Como variable dependiente se utilizó el Producto Interno Bruto per cápita por paridad de poder de compra. Para cada variable se utilizan tres muestras las cuales se clasifican en ingreso: alto, medio y bajo; siguiendo el trabajo de Dayé, Housa y Reding (2016). Para la estimación se emplearon los métodos de: Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios Completamente Modificados y el método de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios Dinámicos. Los resultados indican que las muestras de alto ingreso y bajo ingreso para la variable índice de concentración bancario, así como la muestra de ingresos bajos para la variable índice de Boone muestran evidencia que apoya el enfoque de poder de mercado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Competition in the banking sector could play a critical role in the long-term economic growth of countries. Therefore, three different measures of competition are used to analyze this relationship: the Lerner index, the Boone index and the concentration index. Gross Domestic Product per capita by purchasing power parity was used as the dependent variable. For each variable, three samples are utilized which are classified into high, middle and low income; following the work of Dayé, Housa and Reding (2016). For the estimation, the following methods were used: Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares method. The results indicate that the high-income and low-income samples for the bank concentration index variable, as well as the low-income sample for the Boone index variable show evidence supporting the market power approach.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[largo plazo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cointegración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[competencia bancaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[long-run]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cointegration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bank competition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[international]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdullah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siddiqua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is health care a necessary or luxury product for Asian countries? An answer using panel approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Health Economics Review]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adu-Asare Idun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aboagye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth in Ghana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[African Journal of Economic and Management Studies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>30-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ajisafe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ajide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bank competition and economic growth: Evidence from Nigeria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>419-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biekpe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bank competition and economic growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Studies]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>245-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonaccorsi Di Patti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dell&#8217;Ariccia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bank Competition and Firm Creation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>225-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caggiano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bank Competition, Financial Dependence, and Economic Growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Policy Research Working Papers]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cetorelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gambera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Banking Market Structure, Financial Dependence and Growth: International Evidence from Industry Data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Finance]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>617-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coccorese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Banking competition and economic growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of Competition in Banking and Finance]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>230-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unit root tests for panel data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Money and Finance]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>249-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dayé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Houssa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Improving MSMEs access to external financing in Low Income Countries: Is there a role for Development Cooperation?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reflets et Perspectives de La Vie Économique]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>LV</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>9-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dell&#8217;Ariccia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Information and bank credit allocation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Financial Economics]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>185-214</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maudos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competition in the European banking markets in the aftermath of the financial crisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of Competition in Banking and Finance]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>118-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maudos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Banking competition, financial dependence and economic growth]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Conference Proceedings Financial Markets, Innovation and Growth]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diallo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bank Concentration and Schumpeterian Growth: Theory and International Evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Review of Economics and Statistics]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>489-501</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fohlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaremski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[U.S. banking concentration, 1820-2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economics Letters]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>190</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jayakumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pradhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maradana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaurav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Banking competition, banking stability, and economic growth: Are feedback effects at work?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economics and Business]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<page-range>15-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the Estimation and Inference of a Cointegrated Regression in Panel Data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SSRN Electronic Journal]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.-F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[James Chu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.-S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Econometrics]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lijesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nijkamp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rietveld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring competition in civil aviation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Air Transport Management]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>189-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cointegration Vector Estimation by Panel DOLS and Long-run Money Demand]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>655-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitchener]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wheelock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does the structure of banking markets affect economic growth? Evidence from U.S. state banking markets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Explorations in Economic History]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>161-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedroni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fully modified OLS for heterogeneous cointegrated panels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nonstationary Panels, Panel Cointegration, and Dynamic Panels]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>93-130</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedroni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Purchasing Power Parity Tests in Cointegrated Panels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Economics and Statistics]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>727-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pesaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Econometrics]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>265-312</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effect of Credit Market Competition on Lending Relationships]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Quarterly Journal of Economics]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>407-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. C. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Statistical Inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with I(1) Processes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Review of Economic Studies]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rakshit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bardhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does bank competition promote economic growth? Empirical evidence from selected South Asian countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[South Asian Journal of Business Studies]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>201-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saikkonen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estimation and Testing of Cointegrated Systems by an Autoregressive Approximation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econometric Theory]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>01</numero>
<issue>01</issue>
<page-range>1-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schaeck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cihák]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competition, Efficiency, and Stability in Banking]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Financial Management]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>215-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econometrica]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>783</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Triki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gajigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Credit Bureaus and Registries and Access to Finance: New Evidence from 42 African Countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of African Development]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>73-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vural]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Renewable and non-renewable energy-growth nexus: A panel data application for the selected Sub-Saharan African countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Resources Policy]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>101568</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
