<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0186-1042</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Contaduría y administración]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Contad. Adm]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0186-1042</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Contaduría y Administración]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0186-10422018000500006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fca.24488410e.2018.1275</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La apertura comercial y su impacto en el ingreso en Norteamérica: ¿beneficio o retroceso?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The commercial opening and its impact on income in North America: Benefit or regression?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón Villarreal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cuauhtémoc]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sarahí]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Bielma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leticia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de la Frontera Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de Chihuahua  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>0</fpage>
<lpage>0</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0186-10422018000500006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0186-10422018000500006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0186-10422018000500006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este artículo analizamos la relación del comercio bilateral y el ingreso per-cápita de los tres países que integran el área económica del TLCAN, tratado de naturaleza dualista que integra a países con diferentes niveles de desarrollo económico. La literatura actual define de manera ambigua esta relación; por lo que consideramos necesario medir con precisión el impacto del comercio bilateral sobre la evolución del ingreso per-cápita de los tres países, para ello aplicaremos la metodología de &#8220;variables instrumentales&#8221; desarrollada por Frankel J. y D. Romer (1999) que utiliza medidas referentes al componente geográfico del comercio para construir variables instrumentales que nos permitan hacer esta medición. Los resultados del trabajo demuestran que para el período de estudio 1994-2015 existe una relación negativa entre comercio intra-TLCAN e ingreso per cápita de los países del área.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In this article, we analyze the relationship between bilateral trade and per capita income of the three countries that make up the economic area of NAFTA, a dualist treaty that integrates countries with different levels of economic development. Current literature defines this relationship ambiguously; which is why we consider that it is necessary to accurately measure the impact of bilateral trade on the evolution of per capita income in the three countries. For this purpose, we will apply the &#8220;instrumental variables&#8221; methodology developed by Frankel J. and D. Romer (1999) which utilizes measures related to the geographic component of the trade in order to construct instrumental variables that allow us to make this measurement. The results of the study show that for the study period 1994-2015 there is a negative relation between intra-NAFTA trade and per capita income of the countries in the area.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Crecimiento económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[TLCAN]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Integración Económica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economic growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[NAFTA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economic Integration]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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