<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-2698</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Perfiles educativos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Perfiles educativos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-2698</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-26982022000200102</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iisue.24486167e.2022.176.60102</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Cómo responden los estudiantes a problemas históricos?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[How do students respond to historical problems?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henríquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Alberto Hurtado Departamento de Lengua y Literatura ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>176</numero>
<fpage>102</fpage>
<lpage>119</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-26982022000200102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-26982022000200102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-26982022000200102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se caracteriza la construcción de conexiones causales hechas por estudiantes secundarios en una secuencia didáctica centrada en un problema histórico y uso de evidencias. El sentido histórico se elabora considerando agentes, hechos y sus relaciones causales. Se emplea un enfoque metodológico mixto secuencial cualitativo-cuantitativo para analizar un corpus de 119 conexiones causales. En la fase cualitativa, se identifica mediante códigos el modo de organización de las conexiones causales (antecedente, fundamentación, consecuente). En la fase cuantitativa, un análisis de conglomerados multidimensional de estas conexiones establece cinco grupos, codificados según el tipo y función causal del factor histórico. Los resultados indican que la fundamentación de la relación entre antecedente y consecuente es escasa, mayoritariamente al antecedente se le atribuye la causación. Los factores históricos empleados son: entidad político-social (37 por ciento), concepto histórico (29.4 por ciento) y actor histórico (9.2 por ciento). Las funciones causales predominantes son propiedades de la agencia y temporalidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This essay characterizes the construction of causal connections made by high school students in a didactic sequence centered on a historical problem and the use of evidence. Historical sense is elaborated considering agents, facts, and their causal relations. A mixed sequential qualitative-quantitative methodological approach is used to analyze a corpus of 119 causal connections. In the qualitative phase, we identify, through codes, the organizational mode of the causal connections (antecedent, foundation, consequent). In the quantitative phase, a multidimensional cluster analysis of these connections establishes 5 groups, coded according to the type and causal function of the historical factor. The results indicate that the foundation of the relationship between antecedent and consequent is scarce; Mostly the antecedent is attributed the causation. The historical factors used are: political-social entity (37 percent), historical concept (29.4 percent), historical actor (9.2 percent). The predominant causal functions are properties of agency and temporality.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aprendizaje de la historia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ensayo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escritura académica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[método cualitativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[método cuantitativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[didácticas específicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[history learning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[essay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[academic writing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[qualitative method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[quantitative method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[specific didactics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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