<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1667</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. Econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1667</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Economía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-16672005000200063</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Apertura comercial, productividad, competitividad e ingreso: la experiencia mexicana de 1980 a 2000]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Commercial opening, productivity, competitiveness and income: The Mexican experience of 1980 to 2000]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puyana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dieck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lourdes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>252</numero>
<fpage>63</fpage>
<lpage>121</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-16672005000200063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-16672005000200063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-16672005000200063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Dado que la competitividad de una economía se revela por el crecimiento en los niveles de vida de sus habitantes, en este trabajo se realizan comparaciones internacionales cuya evidencia para la economía mexicana arroja bajos niveles de competitividad. Uno de los planteamientos para este análisis es que el estancamiento del ingreso per cápita se debe al estancamiento de la productividad en este país, por lo que se analiza su evolución a través de la productividad del trabajo (aunque se revisan otros métodos). Para ello se establecen los factores que explican el crecimiento de la productividad, cuyos resultados muestran un estancamiento generalizado a partir de 1980, lo que explica el estancamiento del ingreso per cápita. Se establece también que este estancamiento de la productividad es en especial patente en las manufacturas, sector responsable de la mayor parte de nuestras exportaciones. Se discute esta falta de relación entre apertura comercial y aumentos en la y se concluye que para corregir la limitada competitividad y mejorar el de vida de la población se requieren medidas más atrevidas que las que se han propuesto hasta ahora. Se sugiere la elaboración de una política económica integral propia (aunque no se especifica cuál) que genere las condiciones para crear un verdadero círculo virtuoso de innovación, comercio y crecimiento económico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This essay explores the trajectory of Mexican productivity, both labor and total factor productivity (TFP). Since per capita GDP is taken as an indicator of well being of population and of the overall level of productivity of an economy, the paper compares Mexican per capita GDP with Other and find out Mexico is lagging behind. Lower productivity means Mexican produce is loosing competitiveness, especially in the manufactures sector, the principal source of Mexican exports. One of the reasons behind the stagnation of productivity, after 1980, is to be found in the low per capita income. Another one, and an important element is the lack of strong positive linkages between the increases in the openness of the economy and productivity growth. The study concludes by proposing that in order to stimulate productivity growth more aggressive policies are needed than those so far implemented. It suggests that an integral economic policy should be approved aiming to create virtuous circle between technical innovation, trade and economic growth.]]></p></abstract>
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