<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-013X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Foro internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Foro int]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-013X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-013X2022000100137</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/fi.v62i1.2842</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El regionalismo sudamericano y el giro a la desintegración: algunas reflexiones]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[South-American regionalism and the turn towards disintegration: Some reflections]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Le régionalisme Sud-Américain et le virage vers la désintegration: QUelques réflexions]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bárbara Carvalho]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mariano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karina Lilia Pasquariello]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual Paulista  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual Paulista  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>137</fpage>
<lpage>177</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-013X2022000100137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-013X2022000100137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-013X2022000100137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN: El inicio de la segunda década del siglo XXI representó retrocesos en los impulsos regionalistas latinoamericanos y estuvo marcado por el desmantelamiento de Unasur, la parálisis de ALBA y problemas en la Celac y en el Mercosur. Gran parte de los estudios sobre el tema apuntan las tensiones en estos mecanismos regionales como resultado de múltiples factores coyunturales, como la muerte del presidente venezolano Hugo Chávez, el aumento gradual de la grieta política en Brasil y Argentina, especialmente a partir del impeachment brasileño y el &#8220;giro a la derecha&#8221; en la región, así como la ampliación de la presencia de actores extrarregionales como China y Estados Unidos. A partir de un análisis procesual e institucional, este artículo discute cómo las instituciones regionales sudamericanas reaccionaron a los periodos de crisis actuales. Se argumenta que el desmantelamiento de Unasur no es simplemente resultado de los cambios sistémicos del periodo, sino que es un reflejo de la trayectoria institucional latinoamericana y de sus antecedentes críticos. A su vez, se concluye que el contexto histórico puede ser la oportunidad que estimula la desintegración latinoamericana, pero no su causa.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT: The beginning of the second decade of the 21st century brought with it setbacks to the drive for Latin American regional unity, marked by the dismantling of Unasur, the paralysis of ALBA and problems with Celac and Mercosur. Many studies on the topic point to greater tensions in these regional mechanisms as a result of various circumstantial factors such as the death of the Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, the increasing polarization of politics in Brazil and Argentina (especially since the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff), the &#8220;Right Turn&#8221; taken by the region, and the expanding presence of extra-regional actors such as China and the United States. With a process-based and institutional analysis, this article discusses how South American regional institutions reacted to the current periods of crisis. It argues that the dismantling of Unasur is not simply a result of the systemic changes undergone in this period, but a reflection of the Latin American institutional direction of travel and its critical antecedents. It concludes that the historical context might be the opportunity that gave rise to this process of disintegration, but not its cause.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[RÉSUMÉ : Le début de la deuxième décennie du XXIe siècle a représenté des reculs dans les élans régionalistes latino-américains et a été marqué par le démantèlement de l&#8217;Unasur, la paralysie de l&#8217;ALBA et des problèmes à Celac et Mercosur. Une grande partie des études sur le sujet soulignent les tensions dans ces mécanismes régionaux en raison de multiples facteurs conjoncturels, tels que la mort du président vénézuélien Hugo Chávez, l&#8217;augmentation progressive du clivage politique au Brésil et en Argentine, notamment à partir de l&#8217;impeachment brésilien et du « virage à droite » dans la région, ainsi que de l&#8217;expansion de la présence d&#8217;acteurs extra-régionaux comme la Chine et les États-Unis. À partir d&#8217;une analyse procédurale et institutionnelle, cet article discute de la manière dont les institutions régionales sud-américaines ont réagi aux périodes de crise actuelles. Il est avancé que le démantèlement de l&#8217;Unasur n&#8217;est pas simplement le résultat des changements systémiques de la période, mais est le reflet de la trajectoire institutionnelle latino-américaine et de ses antécédents critiques. Aussi, il est conclu que le contexte historique peut être l&#8217;opportunité qui stimule la désintégration latino-américaine, mais pas sa cause.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[integración económica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[organización intergubernamental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América del Sur]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[regionalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic integration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intergovernmental organization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[South America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[regionalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[intégration économique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[organisation intergouvernementale]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Amérique du Sud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[régionalisme]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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