<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2013000400009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dose distribution calculation for in-vivo X-ray fluorescence scanning]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad of La Frontera Departamento de Ciencias Físicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Temuco ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Unidad de Física Médica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>339</fpage>
<lpage>342</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2013000400009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2013000400009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2013000400009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In-vivo X-ray fluorescence constitutes a useful and accurate technique, worldwide established for constituent elementary distribution assessment. Actually, concentration distributions of arbitrary user-selected elements can be achieved along sample surface with the aim of identifying and simultaneously quantifying every constituent element. The method is based on the use of a collimated X-ray beam reaching the sample. However, one common drawback for considering the application of this technique for routine clinical examinations was the lack of information about associated dose delivery. This work presents a complete study of the dose distribution resulting from an in-vivo X-ray fluorescence scanning for quantifying biohazard materials on human hands. Absorbed dose has been estimated by means of dosimetric models specifically developed to this aim. In addition, complete dose distributions have been obtained by means of full radiation transport calculations in based on stochastic Monte Carlo techniques. A dedicated subroutine has been developed using the PENELOPE 2008 main code also integrated with dedicated programs -MatLab supported- for 3D dose distribution visualization. The obtained results show very good agreement between approximate analytical models and full descriptions by means of Monte Carlo simulations.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[La Fluorescencia de rayos-X in-vivo constituye una técnica útil y precisa, establecida ampliamente para la evaluación de constituyente de distribución primaria. De hecho las distribuciones de concentración de un elemento seleccionado arbitrariamente por el usuario se pueden lograr a lo largo de la superficie de la muestra con el objetivo de identificar y cuantificar simultáneamente cada elemento constituyente. El método se basa en el uso de un haz colimado de rayos X que incide en la muestra. Sin embargo, un inconveniente común para considerar la aplicación de esta técnica para exámenes clínicos de rutina es la falta de información sobre la administración de la dosis correspondiente. Este trabajo presenta un estudio completo de la distribución de la dosis resultante de un barrido in-vivo de Fluorescencia de rayos X para la cuantificación de los materiales biológicos peligrosos en manos humanas. La dosis absorbida se ha estimado por medio de modelos dosimétricos específicamente desarrollados para este fin. Además, las distribuciones de dosis completas se han obtenido por medio de cálculos de transporte de radiación completo en base a técnicas estocásticas de Monte Carlo. Una subrutina dedicada ha sido desarrollada utilizando el código principal PENELOPE 2008 también integrada con programas dedicados de soporte MatLab para la visualización 3D de la distribución de dosis. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una buena concordancia entre los modelos analíticos aproximados y en todas las descripciones por medio de simulaciones de Monte Carlo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dosimetry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[in-vivo X-ray fluorescence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scanning image XRF and Monte Carlo simulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dosimetría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[XRF en vivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[imágenes EDXRF por barrido y simulación Monte Carlo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Research</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Dose distribution calculation for <i>in&#45;vivo</i> X&#45;ray fluorescence scanning</b></font></p>              <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>R.G. Figueroa<sup>a</sup>, E. Lozano<sup>b</sup>, and M. Valente<sup>c,d</sup></b></font></p>              <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>a</sup> Departamento de Ciencias F&iacute;sicas, Universidad of La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, 4811230, Chile. </i></font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b </sup>Instituto Nacional del C&aacute;ncer, Unidad de F&iacute;sica M&eacute;dica, Av. Profesor Za&ntilde;artu 1010, Santiago, Chile, </i></font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>c</sup> CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. </i></font></p>              ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>d</sup> Universidad Nacional de C&oacute;rdoba, Argentina. </i>e&#45;mail: <a href="mailto:figueror@ufro.cl">figueror@ufro.cl</a>.</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received 26 July 2012     <br>     Accepted 27 February 2013</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>In&#45;vivo</i> X&#45;ray fluorescence constitutes a useful and accurate technique, worldwide established for constituent elementary distribution assessment. Actually, concentration distributions of arbitrary user&#45;selected elements can be achieved along sample surface with the aim of identifying and simultaneously quantifying every constituent element. The method is based on the use of a collimated X&#45;ray beam reaching the sample. However, one common drawback for considering the application of this technique for routine clinical examinations was the lack of information about associated dose delivery. This work presents a complete study of the dose distribution resulting from an <i>in&#45;vivo</i> X&#45;ray fluorescence scanning for quantifying biohazard materials on human hands. Absorbed dose has been estimated by means of dosimetric models specifically developed to this aim. In addition, complete dose distributions have been obtained by means of full radiation transport calculations in based on stochastic Monte Carlo techniques. A dedicated subroutine has been developed using the PENELOPE 2008 main code also integrated with dedicated programs &#45;MatLab supported&#45; for 3D dose distribution visualization. The obtained results show very good agreement between approximate analytical models and full descriptions by means of Monte Carlo simulations.</font></p>          <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Dosimetry; <i>in&#45;vivo</i> X&#45;ray fluorescence; scanning image XRF and Monte Carlo simulation.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	         <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>              ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">La Fluorescencia de rayos&#45;X <i>in&#45;vivo</i> constituye una t&eacute;cnica &uacute;til y precisa, establecida ampliamente para la evaluaci&oacute;n de constituyente de distribuci&oacute;n primaria. De hecho las distribuciones de concentraci&oacute;n de un elemento seleccionado arbitrariamente por el usuario se pueden lograr a lo largo de la superficie de la muestra con el objetivo de identificar y cuantificar simult&aacute;neamente cada elemento constituyente. El m&eacute;todo se basa en el uso de un haz colimado de rayos X que incide en la muestra. Sin embargo, un inconveniente com&uacute;n para considerar la aplicaci&oacute;n de esta t&eacute;cnica para ex&aacute;menes cl&iacute;nicos de rutina es la falta de informaci&oacute;n sobre la administraci&oacute;n de la dosis correspondiente. Este trabajo presenta un estudio completo de la distribuci&oacute;n de la dosis resultante de un barrido <i>in&#45;vivo</i> de Fluorescencia de rayos X para la cuantificaci&oacute;n de los materiales biol&oacute;gicos peligrosos en manos humanas. La dosis absorbida se ha estimado por medio de modelos dosim&eacute;tricos espec&iacute;ficamente desarrollados para este fin. Adem&aacute;s, las distribuciones de dosis completas se han obtenido por medio de c&aacute;lculos de transporte de radiaci&oacute;n completo en base a t&eacute;cnicas estoc&aacute;sticas de Monte Carlo. Una subrutina dedicada ha sido desarrollada utilizando el c&oacute;digo principal PENELOPE 2008 tambi&eacute;n integrada con programas dedicados de soporte MatLab para la visualizaci&oacute;n 3D de la distribuci&oacute;n de dosis. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una buena concordancia entre los modelos anal&iacute;ticos aproximados y en todas las descripciones por medio de simulaciones de Monte Carlo.</font></p>          <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> Dosimetr&iacute;a; XRF en vivo; im&aacute;genes EDXRF por barrido y simulaci&oacute;n Monte Carlo.</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 87.53.Bn; 78.70.En; 87.59.&#45;e </font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v59n4/v59n4a9.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This work has been supported by FONDECYT Project number 1080306 and grants from University of La Frontera, Chile.</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              ]]></body>
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