Cien años de la función de distribución de Jüttner para el gas relativista
G. Chacón–Acosta
Departamento de Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Cuajimalpa, Artificios 40, México D.F. 01120, México, e–mail: gchacon@correo.cua.uam.mx
Recibido el 22 de agosto de 2011.
Aceptado el 31 de enero de 2012.
Resumen
En 2011 se cumple un siglo de que Ferencz Jüttner obtuvo la función de distribución para el gas relativista. Esta distribución estuvo envuelta en una polémica que duró casi un siglo y que estuvo relacionada con las bases de la termodinámica relativista. En el presente trabajo se hace una breve revisión de lo sucedido en éstos cien años alrededor de la distribución relativista de Jüttner. Se describe parte del trabajo original de Jüttner, las circunstancias en las que obtuvo su distribución, así como las características particulares de esta comparadas con la bien conocida distribución de Maxwell–Boltzmann para el gas no relativista en equilibrio. En los apartados finales se mencionan las aplicaciones principales de la distribución de Jüttner desde el trabajo de Chandrasekhar hasta el plasma de quarks y gluones. Se discuten también los desarrollos más recientes que parecen indicar una solución a la polémica en que estuvo involucrada la distribución relativista.
Descriptores: Relatividad especial; termodinámica; teoría cinética de los gases; hidrodinámica.
Abstract
In 2011 marks a century that Ferencz Jüttner obtained the distribution function for the relativistic gas. This distribution was involved in a controversy that lasted nearly a century and was related to the foundations of relativistic thermodynamics. In this paper it is done a brief review of what happened in the last hundred years around the relativistic Jüttner distribution. It is described part of the Jüttner's original work, the circumstances under which he obtain his distribution as well as the particular characteristics of it compared with those od the well known Maxwell–Boltzmann equilibrium distribution for the non–relativistic gas. In the final sections, there are listed the main applications of the Jüttner distribution, from the work of Chandrasekhar to the quark–gluon plasma. There are also discussed the most recent developments that suggest a solution to the controversy that was surrounded the relativistic distribution.
Keywords: Special relativity; thermodynamics; kinetic theory of gases; hydrodynamics.
PACS: 03.30.+p; 05.70.–a; 51.10.+y; 95.30.Lz
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