<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2010000500011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[An on-chip magnetic probe based on MOSFET technology]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-R.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinez-C.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez-D.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Research Center for Micro and Nanotechnology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Boca del Rio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,National Institute for Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics, INAOE Department of Electronics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tonantzintla Puebla]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>423</fpage>
<lpage>429</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2010000500011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2010000500011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2010000500011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[An original application for a magnetic field-sensitive Split-Drain MOSFET (MAGFET) used to monitor both the integrity of the electrical signal on-chip, as well as the magnetic flux density radiation on-chip is presented in this work. We introduce experimental and simulation results of a test chip that prove static and low-frequency on-chip generated magnetic fields that can be detected on-chip leading to a fluctuation in the drain current (&#916;Ids) of a MAGFET device. The design of this first version of the test chip is intended for DC characterization as the pads, package and wiring do not allow going above a frequency of 300 MHz. In this particular case of a 0.5 µm CMOS technology and the used dimensions, the cutoff frequency of the test MAGFET is in the range of 500 MHz to 1 GHz depending on the bias conditions. For the static and low-frequency case used in this experimental work the capacitive coupling between the interconnect line and the gate electrode is negligible. The current in the interconnected line, that varies from 500 µA to 35 mA, generates a magnetic flux density at a rate of 100 µT/mA. When these magnetic lines cross through the channel of the MOS transistor, an electromagnetic coupling rate (&#916;I DS/B) as far as 1.5 µA/mT is induced. We observed that from the 0.7, 0.5, and 0.35 µm characterized MOS technologies data, the (&#916;I DS/B) rate increases with the miniaturization process of fabrication technology. This electromagnetic rate reduces as the temperature is increased from 20 to 120°C. From numerical simulations we conclude that this phenomenon is attributed to the way carrier mobility and inversion channel charge interplay with the on-chip tangential and perpendicular components of the (B) field. Having an array of MAGFETs distributed on the surface of the chip would serve to monitor the EM radiation, which in turn may be used for estimation and mitigation of RF interference. These results allow establishing the basís for a future development for on-chip magnetic probe for nanometer MOS technologies.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En este trabajo se presenta la pertinencia de utilizar transistores de efecto de campo sensible a campo magnético con drenaje múltiple (Split-Drain MAGFET) en el monitoreo tanto de la integridad de la serial eléctrica así como de la radiación de la densidad de flujo magnético, ambos a un nivel on-chip. A lo largo de este articulo se muestran resultados experimentales y simulados de un circuito integrado de prueba en donde se resalta la capacidad del dispositivo MAGFET en detectar campos magnéticos estáticos o dependientes del tiempo a baja frecuencia, generados a nivel on-chip, a través de un desbalance en la magnitud de las corrientes de drenaje (&#916;I DS). El diseño de esta primera versión está enfocado hacia la caracterización en corriente continua debido a que los contactos, empaquetado y alambrado limitan la frecuencia de operación por debajo de los 300 MHz. En este caso particular, tecnología CMOS-0.5 ftm, la frecuencia de corte del MAGFET se encuentra en el rango de los 500 MHz a 1 GHz dependiendo de las condiciones de polarización. En aplicaciones de campo magnético estático o de baja frecuencia llevados a cabo en este trabajo experimental, el acoplamiento capacitivo entre la línea de interconección y el electrodo de compuerta es despreciable. La corriente en la línea de interconección, variando de 500 µA a 35 mA, genera una densidad de flujo magnético a una razón de 100 µT/mA. Cuando estas líneas magneticas cruzan el canal del transistor, una razón de acoplamiento electromagnético (&#916;Ids/B) de 1.5 /A/mT es posible de alcanzar. Se observa que a partir de datos experimentales provenientes de tecnología MOS de 0.7, 0.5 y 0.35 µm, es posible proyectar una relación inversamente proporcional con (&#916;Ids/B), esto es, la razón de acoplamiento electromagnético se incrementa con respecto al escalamiento de dimensión de la tecnología. Sin embargo, esta razón de acoplamiento se ve reducida conforme se incrementa la temperatura de operación de 20 a 120°C. A partir de simulaciones numéricas, se concluye que este fenómeno es atribuido a la manera en que la movilidad de los portadores de carga y la carga de inversión en el canal interactúan con la componente tangencial y perpendicular del campo (B) generado a nivel on-chip. El contar con un arreglo de dispositivos MAGFET distribuidos sobre la superficie del chip haría posible, a través del monitoreo de la radiación electromagnética (EM), estimar la interferencia por radiofrecuencia. Estos resultados permiten establecer las bases para un desarrollo futuro de probadores magnéticos integrados para tecnologías MOS nanométricas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Magnetic field measurement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[integrated sensor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[magnetic field-effect transistor (MAGFET)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hall effect]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[radiation on-chip]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mediciones de campo magnético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sensor integrado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[transistor de campo magnético (MAGFET)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efecto hall]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[radiación en chip]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Instrumentaci&oacute;n</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>An on&#150;chip magnetic probe based on MOSFET technology</b></font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>P.J. Garc&iacute;a&#150;R.&ordf; and J. Martinez&#150;C.&ordf;, E.A. Gutierrez&#150;D.<sup>b</sup></b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>&ordf; Research Center for Micro and Nanotechnology, Universidad Veracruzana, Calzada Ruiz Cortines # 455, Col. Costa Verde, 94292, Boca del Rio, Mexico.</i></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b</sup> Department of Electronics, National Institute for Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics, INAOE, Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, Mexico, e&#150;mail:</i> <a href="mailto:jagarcia@uv.mx">jagarcia@uv.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:edmundo@inaoep.mx">edmundo@inaoep.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:jaimartinez@uv.mx">jaimartinez@uv.mx</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 12 de abril de 2010    <br>     Aceptado el 13 de mayo de 2010</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">An original application for a magnetic field&#150;sensitive Split&#150;Drain MOSFET (MAGFET) used to monitor both the integrity of the electrical signal on&#150;chip, as well as the magnetic flux density radiation on&#150;chip is presented in this work. We introduce experimental and simulation results of a test chip that prove static and low&#150;frequency on&#150;chip generated magnetic fields that can be detected on&#150;chip leading to a fluctuation in the drain current (&#916;Ids) of a MAGFET device. The design of this first version of the test chip is intended for DC characterization as the pads, package and wiring do not allow going above a frequency of 300 MHz. In this particular case of a 0.5 &micro;m CMOS technology and the used dimensions, the cutoff frequency of the test MAGFET is in the range of 500 MHz to 1 GHz depending on the bias conditions. For the static and low&#150;frequency case used in this experimental work the capacitive coupling between the interconnect line and the gate electrode is negligible. The current in the interconnected line, that varies from 500 &micro;A to 35 mA, generates a magnetic flux density at a rate of 100 &micro;T/mA. When these magnetic lines cross through the channel of the MOS transistor, an electromagnetic coupling rate (&#916;I<sub>DS</sub>/B) as far as 1.5 &micro;A/mT is induced. We observed that from the 0.7, 0.5, and 0.35 &micro;m characterized MOS technologies data, the (&#916;I<sub>DS</sub>/B) rate increases with the miniaturization process of fabrication technology. This electromagnetic rate reduces as the temperature is increased from 20 to 120&deg;C. From numerical simulations we conclude that this phenomenon is attributed to the way carrier mobility and inversion channel charge interplay with the on&#150;chip tangential and perpendicular components of the (B) field. Having an array of MAGFETs distributed on the surface of the chip would serve to monitor the EM radiation, which in turn may be used for estimation and mitigation of RF interference. These results allow establishing the bas&iacute;s for a future development for on&#150;chip magnetic probe for nanometer MOS technologies.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Magnetic field measurement; integrated sensor; magnetic field&#150;effect transistor (MAGFET); hall effect; radiation on&#150;chip.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En este trabajo se presenta la pertinencia de utilizar transistores de efecto de campo sensible a campo magn&eacute;tico con drenaje m&uacute;ltiple (Split&#150;Drain MAGFET) en el monitoreo tanto de la integridad de la serial el&eacute;ctrica as&iacute; como de la radiaci&oacute;n de la densidad de flujo magn&eacute;tico, ambos a un nivel on&#150;chip. A lo largo de este articulo se muestran resultados experimentales y simulados de un circuito integrado de prueba en donde se resalta la capacidad del dispositivo MAGFET en detectar campos magn&eacute;ticos est&aacute;ticos o dependientes del tiempo a baja frecuencia, generados a nivel on&#150;chip, a trav&eacute;s de un desbalance en la magnitud de las corrientes de drenaje (&#916;I<sub>DS</sub>). El dise&ntilde;o de esta primera versi&oacute;n est&aacute; enfocado hacia la caracterizaci&oacute;n en corriente continua debido a que los contactos, empaquetado y alambrado limitan la frecuencia de operaci&oacute;n por debajo de los 300 MHz. En este caso particular, tecnolog&iacute;a CMOS&#150;0.5 ftm, la frecuencia de corte del MAGFET se encuentra en el rango de los 500 MHz a 1 GHz dependiendo de las condiciones de polarizaci&oacute;n. En aplicaciones de campo magn&eacute;tico est&aacute;tico o de baja frecuencia llevados a cabo en este trabajo experimental, el acoplamiento capacitivo entre la l&iacute;nea de interconecci&oacute;n y el electrodo de compuerta es despreciable. La corriente en la l&iacute;nea de interconecci&oacute;n, variando de 500 &micro;A a 35 mA, genera una densidad de flujo magn&eacute;tico a una raz&oacute;n de 100 &micro;T/mA. Cuando estas l&iacute;neas magneticas cruzan el canal del transistor, una raz&oacute;n de acoplamiento electromagn&eacute;tico (&#916;Ids/B) de 1.5 <i>/</i>A/mT es posible de alcanzar. Se observa que a partir de datos experimentales provenientes de tecnolog&iacute;a MOS de 0.7, 0.5 y 0.35 &micro;<b></b>m, es posible proyectar una relaci&oacute;n inversamente proporcional con (&#916;Ids/B), esto es, la raz&oacute;n de acoplamiento electromagn&eacute;tico se incrementa con respecto al escalamiento de dimensi&oacute;n de la tecnolog&iacute;a. Sin embargo, esta raz&oacute;n de acoplamiento se ve reducida conforme se incrementa la temperatura de operaci&oacute;n de 20 a 120&deg;C. A partir de simulaciones num&eacute;ricas, se concluye que este fen&oacute;meno es atribuido a la manera en que la movilidad de los portadores de carga y la carga de inversi&oacute;n en el canal interact&uacute;an con la componente tangencial y perpendicular del campo (B) generado a nivel on&#150;chip. El contar con un arreglo de dispositivos MAGFET distribuidos sobre la superficie del chip har&iacute;a posible, a trav&eacute;s del monitoreo de la radiaci&oacute;n electromagn&eacute;tica (EM), estimar la interferencia por radiofrecuencia. Estos resultados permiten establecer las bases para un desarrollo futuro de probadores magn&eacute;ticos integrados para tecnolog&iacute;as MOS nanom&eacute;tricas.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> Mediciones de campo magn&eacute;tico; sensor integrado; transistor de campo magn&eacute;tico (MAGFET); efecto hall; radiaci&oacute;n en chip.</font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 72.20.My; 72.20.Fr; 85.30.De; 85.30.Tv</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v56n5/v56n5a11.pdf" target="_blank">DESCRAGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgment</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We thank the Mexico National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT) for the financial support through grants 47141 and 56642&#150;2007&#150;2009. Intel is also acknowledged for its financial support. The authors would like to thank the experimental assistance of Raul Ju&aacute;rez&#150;Aguirre at MICRONA Laboratory as well as MOSIS for the integrated circuit fabrication.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. S. Ben Dhia, M. Ramdani, and E. Sicard, <i>Electromagnetic Compatibility of Integrated Circuits: Techniques for Low Emission and Susceptibility,</i> 1<sup>st</sup>ed. 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