<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2007000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Thoughts on duality and fundamental constants]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silvas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Culiacán Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>25</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2007000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2007000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2007000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We consider some fundamental constants from the point of view of the duality symmetry. Our analysis of duality is focused on three issues: the maximum radiated power of gravitational waves, the cosmological constant, and the magnetic monopole mass. We show that the maximum radiated power of gravitational waves implies that the Planck time is a minimal time. Furthermore, we prove that duality implies a quantization of the cosmological constant. Finally, by using one of the Euler series for the number &#960;, we show that the Dirac electric-magnetic charge quantization implies a mass for the magnetic monopole (or neutrino) of the order of 10-5 the mass of the electron.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Consideramos algunas constantes fundamentales desde el punto de vista de la simetría de dualidad. Nuestro análisis de dualidad se enfoca en tres temas: la potencia máxima radiada de ondas gravitacionales, la constante cosmológica y la masa del monopolo magnético. Demostramos que la potencia máxima radiada de ondas gravitacionales implica que el tiempo de Planck corresponde a un tiempo mínimo. Mas aún, probamos que la dualidad implica una cuantización de la constante cosmológica. Finalmente, usando una de las series de Euler para el numero &#960;, demostramos que la cuantización de la carga eléctrica-magnética de Dirac implica una masa para el monopolo magnético (o neutrino) del orden de 10-5 la masa del electrón.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fundamental constants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gravitational waves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cosmological constant]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[duality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Constantes fundamentales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ondas gravitacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[constante cosmológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dualidad]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Investigaci&oacute;n</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Thoughts on duality and fundamental constants</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>J.A. Nieto*, L. Ruiz, and J. Silvas</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Facultad de Ciencias F&iacute;sico&#150;Matem&aacute;ticas, Universidad Aut&oacute;noma de Sinaloa, 80000, Culiac&aacute;n, Sinaloa, M&eacute;xico,    <br> *e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:nieto@uas.uasnet.mx" target="_blank">nieto@uas.uasnet.mx</a></i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 13 de septiembre de 2006    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>   Aceptado el 18 de enero de 2007</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We consider some fundamental constants from the point of view of the duality symmetry. Our analysis of duality is focused on three issues: the maximum radiated power of gravitational waves, the cosmological constant, and the magnetic monopole mass. We show that the maximum radiated power of gravitational waves implies that the Planck time is a minimal time. Furthermore, we prove that duality implies a quantization of the cosmological constant. Finally, by using one of the Euler series for the number <i>&pi;, </i>we show that the Dirac electric&#150;magnetic charge quantization implies a mass for the magnetic monopole (or neutrino) of the order of 10<sup>&#150;5</sup> the mass of the electron.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Fundamental constants; gravitational waves; cosmological constant; duality.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Consideramos algunas constantes fundamentales desde el punto de vista de la simetr&iacute;a de dualidad. Nuestro an&aacute;lisis de dualidad se enfoca en tres temas: la potencia m&aacute;xima radiada de ondas gravitacionales, la constante cosmol&oacute;gica y la masa del monopolo magn&eacute;tico. Demostramos que la potencia m&aacute;xima radiada de ondas gravitacionales implica que el tiempo de Planck corresponde a un tiempo m&iacute;nimo. Mas a&uacute;n, probamos que la dualidad implica una cuantizaci&oacute;n de la constante cosmol&oacute;gica. Finalmente, usando una de las series de Euler para el numero <i><i>&pi;</i>, </i>demostramos que la cuantizaci&oacute;n de la carga el&eacute;ctrica&#150;magn&eacute;tica de Dirac implica una masa para el monopolo magn&eacute;tico (o neutrino) del orden de 10<sup>&#150;5</sup> la masa del electr&oacute;n.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Constantes fundamentales; ondas gravitacionales; constante cosmol&oacute;gica; dualidad.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 04.60.&#150;m; 04.30.&#150;w; 6.20.Jr; 98.80.&#150;k</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v53n1/v53n1a5.pdf">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgments</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This work was supported in part by the UAS under the program PROFAPI&#150;2006.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. M.J. Duff, L.B. Okun, and G. 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