<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0028-3746</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Neumología y cirugía de tórax]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Neumol. cir. torax]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0028-3746</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas; Sociedad Cubana de Neumología; Sociedad Paraguaya de Neumología; Sociedad Boliviana de Neumología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0028-37462021000400258</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/103451</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Fármacos de reposicionamiento y fármacos específicos en fase preclínica para la COVID-19]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Repositioning drugs and specific drugs in preclinical phase for COVID-19]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Godínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Yureri]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yolanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Ciencias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>258</fpage>
<lpage>268</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0028-37462021000400258&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0028-37462021000400258&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0028-37462021000400258&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El reposicionamiento de fármacos es una actividad que se realiza comúnmente por los laboratorios, y consiste en el uso comercial de un fármaco para un fin distinto para el que fue investigado o aprobado. En 2019 inició la pandemia de la COVID-19 causada por un nuevo virus, el SARS-CoV-2, un virus para el cual la población humana no tiene inmunidad, y tampoco se cuenta con un tratamiento eficaz. Como primera estrategia para tratar a los pacientes gravemente enfermos, se reposicionaron los fármacos que mostraban al menos teóricamente ser efectivos contra el SARS-CoV-2 para uso de emergencia. Una vez que se tuvieron resultados de los estudios clínicos, se evaluó su efectividad en la prevención de casos graves y/o mortales, si el fármaco mostraba una efectividad significativa, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) emitió la recomendación correspondiente para su uso, de lo contrario se emite la alerta de suspender su uso para la COVID-19. En esta revisión se describen los fármacos que se han reposicionado siguiendo este proceso así como los nuevos fármacos específicos para el SARS-CoV-2 que se encuentran en fase experimental y preclínica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Drug repositioning is an activity commonly performed by laboratories, and consists of the commercial use of a drug for a different purpose for which it was investigated or approved. In 2009, the COVID-19 pandemic began, caused by a new virus, SARS-CoV-2, a virus for which the human population has no immunity, and for which there is no effective treatment. As a first strategy to treat severely ill patients, drugs were repositioned for emergency use if they were shown to be at least theoretically effective against SARS-CoV-2. Once the results of the clinical studies were available, their effectiveness in preventing severe and/or fatal cases was evaluated. If the drug showed significant effectiveness, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a recommendation for its use, otherwise a warning was issued to discontinue its use for COVID-19. This review describes the drugs that have been repositioned following this process, as well as the new SARS-CoV-2 specific drugs that are in experimental and preclinical phases.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reposicionamiento de fármacos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[uso de emergencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drug repositioning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emergency use]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schcolnik-Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dueñas-Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The multitargeted drug ivermectin: from an antiparasitic agent to a repositioned cancer drug]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Cancer Res [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>317-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dominguez-Gomez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavez-Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina-Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saldivar-Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-Torrontegui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ivermectin as an inhibitor of cancer stem-like cells]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mol Med Rep]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>3397-403</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>OMS</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manejo clínico de la COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Organización Mundial de la Salud [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARDS Definition Task Force, Ranieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubenfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferguson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ND]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caldwell,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>307</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>2526-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>De DESDELAC, Subsecretar X, Prestaci DE, Servicios DE, Direcci I, Medicamentos DE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guía Farmacoterapéutica de Medicamentos empleados en el tratamiento de pacientes con enfermedad COVID-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2: structure, biology, and structure-based therapeutics development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Cell Infect Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>587269</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabrielli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alicandro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nascimbeni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 treatment options: a difficult journey between failed attempts and experimental drugs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intern Emerg Med [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>281-308</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohamadian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shoghli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biglari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parsamanesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esmaeilzadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19: virology, biology and novel laboratory diagnosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gene Med]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mousavizadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghasemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genotype and phenotype of COVID-19: Their roles in pathogenesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Microbiol Immunol Infect [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>159-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samudrala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choudhary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thakur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wadekar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dayaramani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and in-line treatment of COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>883</volume>
<page-range>173375</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: What are our options? Where should we focus our attention on to find new drugs and strategies?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Travel Med Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>101685</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Institutes of Health]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>SSA</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso de plasma convaleciente para atención de pacientes con COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>195</numero>
<issue>195</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinreich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sivapalasingam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[REGN-COV2, a neutralizing antibody cocktail, in outpatients with Covid-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>384</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>238-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Kinetics of viral load and antibody response in relation to COVID-19 severity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Invest]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>5235-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dougan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nirula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gottlieb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azizad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mocherla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bamlanivimab+etesevimab for treatment of COVID-19 in high-risk ambulatory patients]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[[Internet]]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Federal Drug Administration</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fact Sheet for Health Care Providers]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>1-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>FDA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Emergency use authorization (EUA) of casirivimab and imdevimab]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>1-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Phase 3 trial shows REGEN-COV (casirivimab with imdevimab) antibody cocktail reduced hospitalization or death by 70% in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[[Internet]]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>RECOVERY Collaborative Group</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emberson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mafham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linsell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>384</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>693-704</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arabi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mandourah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Hameed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sindi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almekhlafi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hussein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with middle east respiratory syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>197</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>757-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lansbury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leonardi-Bee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen-Van-Tam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>CD010406</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recomendaciones para el tratamiento de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, agente causal de COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Harefuah]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>40-1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>146</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>137-146.e3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ovilla-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Peña-Celaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Báez-Islas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Bosque-Patoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán-Bouilloud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Sandoval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tratamiento exitoso con ruxolitinib en un caso de neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Int Mex [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>740-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Migita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiuchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kozuru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kawahara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib on circulating serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 during treatment for rheumatoid arthritis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Exp Immunol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>175</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>208-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pfizer avanza en la batalla contra el COVID-19 en múltiples frentes]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Codigo F [Internet]]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[AstraZeneca sube inversión en México [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cell Res]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>269-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feldmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwarz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meade-White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schulz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>585</volume>
<numero>7824</numero>
<issue>7824</issue>
<page-range>273-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Cofepris autoriza el uso de emergencia del remdesivir en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[[Internet]]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdelnabi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neyts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Favipiravir as a potential countermeasure against neglected and emerging RNA viruses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antiviral Res [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>153</volume>
<page-range>85-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furuta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>449-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drug Discov Ther]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>58-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krishna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pillai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veettil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Approaches and advances in the development of potential therapeutic targets and antiviral agents for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>885</volume>
<page-range>173450</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitory effects of quinone-methide triterpenes from Tripterygium regelii]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioorganic Med Chem Lett]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1873-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Konno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otsuka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vecchione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 drug discovery using intensive approaches]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Mol Sci]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>2839</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distinct mechanisms for TMPRSS2 expression explain organ-specific inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection by enzalutamide]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Commun]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwarz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feldmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haddock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Orally delivered MK-4482 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in the Syrian hamster model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Commun]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plemper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Therapeutic MK-4482/EIDD-2801 Blocks SARS-CoV-2 transmission in ferrets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>11-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
