<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0026-1742</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina (México)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Fac. Med. (Méx.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0026-1742</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0026-17422020000400007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fm.24484865e.2020.63.4.02</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Características y especialización de la respuesta inmunitaria en la COVID-19]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Characteristics and Specialization of the Immune Response in COVID-19]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anamary]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villegas Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Agustín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología de Cuba Laboratorio de Inmunología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología de Cuba  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>7</fpage>
<lpage>18</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0026-17422020000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0026-17422020000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0026-17422020000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El brote de neumonía por coronavirus en Wuhan, China, devino en pandemia el 11 de marzo del 2020. Ha provocado casi 4 millones de casos confirmados en todo el mundo, con más de 270 mil muertes. El coronavirus es un virus ARN envuelto del género &#946;-coronavirus, distribuido en aves, humanos y otros mamíferos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud denominó a la nueva enfermedad COVID-19. La comunidad científica se ha volcado a la búsqueda de evidencias que permitan comprender mejor la infección y la respuesta inmunitaria (RI), para identificar predictores pronósticos y terapéuticos, así como tratamientos y vacunas eficaces. La presente revisión tuvo como objetivo la compilación actualizada de evidencias científicas de las características de la respuesta inmune en la COVID-19, y así orientar a los profesionales en su mejor comprensión y en algunas soluciones de impacto clínico. Los elementos más importantes involucran a la inmunidad innata, con fallos en el sistema de los interferones en etapas iniciales de la infección y el incremento sostenido de interleucinas proinflamatorias. Esto puede terminar en una tormenta de citocinas potencialmente fatal. El infiltrado de neutrófilos y macrófagos a nivel alveolar, acompañado de neutrofilia, es característico. En el área de la inmunidad adaptativa se evidencia una linfopenia que según el grado puede indicar la severidad de la enfermedad. Comprender la secuencia temporal de la RI permite elegir las terapias oportunas y eficaces, sobre todo al seleccionar los antiinflamatorios y el momento de su aplicación. Dado que resulta difícil determinar cuándo serán netamente beneficiosos, que no perjudiquen la RI y que no sea demasiado tarde, por la irreversibilidad del proceso.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China, became a pandemic on March 11, 2020. It has caused almost 4 million confirmed cases worldwide, with more than 270,000 deaths. Coronavirus is an enveloped RNA virus of the &#946;-coronavirus genus distributed in birds, humans, and other mammals. The World Health Organization has named the new disease COVID-19. The scientific community is looking for evidence that can lead to a better understanding of the infection and the immune response (IR), prognostic and therapeutic predictors, effective treatments and vaccines. The objective of this review was to compile updated scientific evidence of the IR to COVID-19, in order to guide professionals with solutions that have a clinical impact. The most important elements involve innate immunity with failures in the interferon system in the early stages of the infection and a sustained increase in proinflammatory interleukins. This can end in a potentially fatal cytokine storm. The infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages at the alveolar level, accompanied by neutrophilia, is very characteristic. Lymphopenia is evident at the adaptive immunity level, that, depending on the degree, can indicate the severity of the disease. Understanding the temporal sequence of the IR is crucial for choosing the appropriate and effective therapies, especially when selecting which type of anti-inflammatory drugs can be used and the frequency of the dosage. Due to the fact that it is difficult to determine when they will be clearly beneficial, not harmful to the IR and not too late, due to the irreversibility of the process.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[respuesta inmunitaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immune response]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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