<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-7169</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Geofísica internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Geofís. Intl]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-7169</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-71692018000400239</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[GA-optimized neural network for forecasting the geomagnetic storm index]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega-Jorquera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazzús]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Serena Departamento de Física y Astronomía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Serena Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencias y Tecnología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>239</fpage>
<lpage>251</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-71692018000400239&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-71692018000400239&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-71692018000400239&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract A method that combines an artificial neural network and a genetic algorithm (ANN+GA) was developed in order to forecast the disturbance storm time (Dst) index. This technique involves optimizing the ANN by GA to update the ANN weights and to forecast the short-term Dst index from 1 to 6 hours in advance by using the time series values of the Dst and auroral electrojet (AE) indices. The database used contains 233,760 hourly geomagnetic indices data from 00 UT on 01 January 1990 to 23 UT on 31 August 2016. Different topologies of ANN were analyzed and the optimum architecture was selected. It emerged that the proposed ANN+GA method can be properly trained for forecasting Dst (t+1 to t+6) with good accuracy (with root mean square errors RMSE&#8804;10nT and correlation coefficients R&#8805;0.9), and that the utilized geomagnetic indices significantly affect the good training and predicting capabilities of the chosen network. The results show a good agreement between the measured and modeled Dst variations in both the main and recovery phases of a geomagnetic storm.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se desarrolló un método que combina una red neuronal artificial y un algoritmo genético (ANN+GA) con el fin de pronosticar el índice de tiempo de perturbación de tormenta (Dst). A partir de esta técnica, la ANN fue optimizada por GA para actualizar los pesos de la ANN y para pronosticar el índice Dst a corto plazo de 1 a 6 horas de antelación usando los valores de la serie temporal del índice Dst y del índice de electrojet auroral (AE). La base de datos utilizada contiene 233,760 datos de índices geomagnéticos por hora desde 00 UT del 01 de enero de 1990 hasta las 23 UT del 31 de agosto de 2016. Se analizaron diferentes topologías de ANN y se seleccionó la arquitectura óptima. Se encontró que el método propuesto ANN+GA puede ser adecuadamente entrenado para pronosticar Dst (t+1 a t+6) con una precisión aceptable (con errores cuadrático medio RMSE&#8804;10nT y coeficientes de correlación R&#8805;0.9), y que los índices geomagnéticos utilizados tienen efectos influyentes en la buena capacidad de entrenamiento y predicción de la red elegida. Los resultados muestran una buena aproximación entre las variaciones medidas y modeladas de Dst tanto en la fase principal como en la fase de recuperación de una tormenta geomagnética.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Índice Dst]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pronóstico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tormenta geomagnética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Serie temporal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Red neuronal artificial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Algoritmo genético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dst index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Forecast]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Geomagnetic storm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Time series]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Artificial neural network]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Genetic algorithm]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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