<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-3813</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gaceta médica de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gac. Méd. Méx]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-3813</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Nacional de Medicina de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-38132023000600479</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/gmm.23000420</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Impacto de COVID-19 en la esperanza de vida en México. Un análisis basado en el estudio Global Burden of Disease 2021]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19 impact on life expectancy in Mexico. An analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Razo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schumacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Austin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Confort]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Haley]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pease]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Spencer]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Darwin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stefanie]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naghavi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mohsen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Washington University Instituto para la Métrica y Evaluación de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Seattle Washington]]></addr-line>
<country>Estados Unidos</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación "Carlos Slim" Analítica y Producción Científica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>159</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>479</fpage>
<lpage>487</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-38132023000600479&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-38132023000600479&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-38132023000600479&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes: Entre 2020 y 2021, México experimentó 2.21 millones de defunciones, de las cuales 25.3 % estuvo relacionado con infección por SARS-COV-2.  Objetivos: Evaluar la mortalidad por COVID-19 en 2020-2021, determinar su influencia en la esperanza de vida al nacer a nivel nacional, estatal y en países seleccionados de la región, así como analizarla en función del perfil sociodemográfico.  Material y métodos: Se utilizaron datos del Global Burden of Disease 2021 para reportar la mortalidad, el impacto en la esperanza de vida y las causas subyacentes entre 2019 y 2021. Se usó una regresión cuadrática para evaluar la mortalidad en exceso como indicador de la respuesta de los estados a la pandemia, considerando su estructura sociodemográfica.  Resultados: Entre 2020 y 2021, se registraron 708 971 muertes en exceso, que disminuyeron la esperanza de vida al nacer en 4.6 años; 76 % de esta reducción se atribuyó a COVID-19. La tasa de mortalidad por COVID-19 fue superior a la esperada conforme a las condiciones sociodemográficas de las entidades.  Conclusiones: En México y los países de la región, la pandemia fue devastadora y generó regresiones en la esperanza de vida al nacer, que variaron de dos a nueve años. Se requiere más investigación para entender las variaciones en sus efectos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Between 2020 and 2021, Mexico documented 2.21 million fatalities, out of which 25.3% were attributable to SARS-COV-2 infection.  Objectives: To evaluate COVID-19 mortality during 2020-2021, determine its impact on national- and state-level life expectancy at birth, and in a group of selected countries of the region, as well as to analyze it according to sociodemographic profiles.  Material and methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study were used to report mortality, the impact on life expectancy and underlying causes between 2019 and 2021. A quadratic regression model was used to evaluate excess mortality as an indicator of the response of the states to the pandemic, considering their sociodemographic structure.  Results: Between 2020 and 2021, 708,971 excess deaths were recorded, which decreased life expectancy at birth by 4.6 years; 76% of this reduction was attributed to COVID-19. The COVID-19 mortality rate was higher than expected according to the sociodemographic conditions of the states.  Conclusions: In Mexico and the countries of the region, the pandemic was devastating and generated regressions in life expectancy at birth, which varied from two to nine years. Further investigation is required for understanding the variations on its effects.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Carga de la enfermedad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Esperanza de vida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Burden of disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Life expectancy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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