<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0011-1503</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Crítica (México, D.F.)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Crítica (Méx., D.F.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0011-1503</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0011-15032017000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Epistemología de virtudes robusta: sobre los límites y las posibilidades de su aplicación a la prueba de los hechos en el derecho]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haddad Bernat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat de Girona  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>145</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>26</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0011-15032017000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0011-15032017000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0011-15032017000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es definir los rasgos generales de un modelo de teoría del conocimiento viable para el ámbito probatorio judicial. En concreto, se estudian los límites y las posibilidades de aplicación al derecho de una de las propuestas más relevantes en la epistemología contemporánea: la epistemología de virtudes robusta. Como mostraré aquí, dicho proyecto es inadecuado pues un epistemología de la prueba jurídica satisfactoria y completa exige la conjunción tanto de la perspectiva del agente epistémico (el juez de los hechos) como de la perspectiva del sistema probatorio (las reglas o condiciones de indagación).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The purpose of this paper is to define the general features of a suitable epistemology for law. In particular, the paper is concerned with a very influential project that is nowadays offered in the literature: robust virtue epistemology. As I will show here, such a project is untenable for law, since a satisfactory and complete epistemology of legal proof requires the conjunction of both the agent&#8217;s perspective (the &#8220;trier-of-facts&#8221;) and the inquiry system&#8217;s perspective (the rules of evidence).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[epistemología jurídica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[razonamiento probatorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teoría de la prueba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[virtudes epistémicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[virtudes judiciales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[legal epistemology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[judicial reasoning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[legal fact-finding]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epistemic virtues]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[virtue jurisprudence]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amalia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Role of Virtue in Legal Justification]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hock Lai]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Law, Virtue and Justice]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>51-66</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hart]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amalia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inference to the Best Legal Explanation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaptein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hendrik]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prakken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henry]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verheij]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bart]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Legal Evidence and Proof: Statistics, Stories, Logic]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>135-59</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Aldershot ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ashgate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amalia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Justification, Coherence, and Epistemic Responsi- bility in Legal Fact-Finding]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Episteme: Journal of Social Epistemology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>306-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baehr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jason]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Inquiring Mind. On Intellectual Virtues and Virtue Epistemology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broncano-Berrocal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Robust Enough Virtue Epistemology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Synthese]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>1-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Adam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Robust Virtue Epistemology as Anti-Luck Epistemology: A New Solution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pacific Philosophical Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>140-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Code]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lorraine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Epistemic Responsibility]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Hanover ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brown University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antony]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lindsay]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Trial on Trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Truth and Due Process]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hart]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrer Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jordi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Prueba y verdad en el derecho]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<edition>2a</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcial Pons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gettier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edmund]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Analysis]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>121-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kallestrup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesper]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pritchard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Duncan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Robust Virtue Epistemology and Epistemic Anti-Individualism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pacific Philosophical Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>84-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christoph]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extended Cognition and Robust Virtue Epistemology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Erkenntnis]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>245-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laudan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Larry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Por qué las reglas procesales asimétricas hacen imposible calcular un estándar de prueba racionalmente justificado?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrer Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jordi]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Debatiendo con Taruffo]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>341-52</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcial Pons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laudan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Larry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Truth, Error, and Criminal Law: An Essay in Legal Epistemology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malem Seña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La formación de los jueces: los saberes del juez]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malem Seña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ezquiaga Ganuzas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibáñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Perfecto Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El error judicial. La formación de los jueces]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>95-126</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Coloquio Jurídico Europeo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montmarquet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Epistemic Virtue and Doxastic Responsibility]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lanham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rowman and Littlefield]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Gettier Problem and Legal Proof]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Legal Theory]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>37-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Field of Evidence and the Field of Knowledge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Law and Philosophy]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>321-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pritchard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Duncan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Knowledge and Understanding]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haddock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adrian]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pritchard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Duncan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Nature and Value of Knowledge: Three Investigations]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>1-88</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pritchard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Duncan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive Ability and the Extended Cognition Thesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Synthese]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>175</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>133-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redondo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sobre la justificación de la decisión judicial]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redondo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sauca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José María]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibáñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Perfecto Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estado de derecho y decisiones judiciales]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>63-100</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Coloquio Jurídico Europeo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. Jay]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Intellectual Virtues. An Essay in Regulative Epistemology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Clarendon Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Virtue Epistemology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zirión]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Conocimiento y virtud intelectual]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas-UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Knowledge in Perspective: Selected Essays in Epistemology]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Midwest Studies in Philosophy]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taruffo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michele]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La prova dei fatti giuridici: nozioni generali]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Milán ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Giuffrè]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Krist]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Knowledge without Credit, Exhibit 4: Extended Cognition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Synthese]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>181</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>515-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zagzebski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Linda]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Virtues of the Mind: An Inquiry into the Nature of Virtue and the Ethical Foundations of Knowledge]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
