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Revista Chapingo serie ciencias forestales y del ambiente
versión On-line ISSN 2007-4018versión impresa ISSN 2007-3828
Rev. Chapingo ser. cienc. for. ambient vol.13 no.2 Chapingo jul./dic. 2007
Artículos
FITOGEOGRAFÍA Y ECOLOGÍA DEL GÉNERO Eucalyptus
PHYTOGEOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY OF THE Eucalyptus GENUS
1División de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km. 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco. Chapingo, Estado de México. México C. P. 56230. Correo e: diodorg@latinmail.com
En este estudio se analiza el género Eucalyptus, que deriva su nombre de las palabras griegas eu, que significa bien, y kalypteim, que significa cubierto. Estas plantas desempeñan un papel importante en los bosques cerrados de Australia meridional, donde suelen ser árboles de hasta 200 años que constituyen una etapa de transición entre los bosques naturales más antiguos dañados por los incendios y los bosques pluviales cerrados. Los eucaliptos son originarios de Australia y algunos países de Asia sudoriental, donde crecen en condiciones muy diversas de pluviosidad y temperatura. Se conocen más de 500 especies de eucaliptos. Algunos árboles tienen una altura de hasta 90 m pero en zonas abiertas de vegetación baja y de escasa pluviosidad anual son muy corrientes las formas enanas de eucalipto, llamadas “mallees”, cuyo largo fuste subterráneo permite al árbol sobrevivir a los periodos de sequía. Cuando se planta fuera de su hábitat natural muchas especies de Eucalyptus han mostrado un alto grado de tolerancia a las latitudes y altitudes extremas. Las primeras grandes plantaciones se iniciaron en el Brasil en 1904. En la actualidad, ese país tiene más de un millón de hectáreas de plantaciones de eucaliptos. Más de 100 países por todo el mundo cultivan eucaliptos en plantaciones, países como México, España, Portugal, Marruecos, Argentina, los Estados Unidos y muchos otros.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Australia; plantación; competencia; fitogeografía; ecología
In this work, the genus Eucalyptus was studied. This genus derives its name from the Greek words eu, that mean well, and kaluptos, that means place setting. These plants play an important role in the closed forests of southern Australia. In these forests, the Eucalyptus genera usually are trees of up to 200 years old, that constitute a stage of transition between the older natural forests damaged by fires and the closed pluvial forests. The eucalyptuses are native of Australia and some countries of Southeastern Asia, where they grow in very diverse conditions of rainfall and temperature. They are known more than 500 species of eucalyptuses. Some of trees have a height of up to 90 m, but in opened zones of short vegetation and little annual rainfall the dwarfed forms of eucalyptus are very current. These dwarfish forms are called “mallees”, and they are characterized for a long underground stem that allow them to survive the periods of drought. When Eucalyptus genus is planted outside his natural habitat, many of their species have shown a high degree of tolerance to extremes latitudes and altitudes. The first great plantations began in Brazil in 1904. At the present time, that country has more of a million hectares of plantations of eucalyptuses. More than 100 countries throughout the world cultivate eucalyptuses in plantations, countries like Mexico, Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Argentina, the United States and many others.
KEY WORDS: Australia; plantation; competition; phytogeography; ecology
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Recibido: 29 de Agosto de 2006; Aprobado: 22 de Septiembre de 2006
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
