Serviços Personalizados
Journal
Artigo
nova página do texto(beta)
Espanhol (pdf)
Artigo em XML
Referências do artigo
Tradução automática
Enviar este artigo por emailIndicadores
-
Citado por SciELO -
Acessos
Links relacionados
-
Similares em
SciELO
Compartilhar
Permalink
Revista Chapingo serie ciencias forestales y del ambiente
versão On-line ISSN 2007-4018versão impressa ISSN 2007-3828
Rev. Chapingo ser. cienc. for. ambient vol.13 no.1 Chapingo Jan./Jun. 2007
Artículos
ECOLOGÍA Y SILVICULTURA EN BOSQUES TEMPLADOS
ECOLOGY AND SILVICUALTURE IN TEMPERATA FOREST
1División de Ciencias Forestales. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Km. 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Chapingo, Estado México. México C. P. 56230. Correo-e: didorog@latin mail.com
En este escrito se considera el manejo de los bosques templados fríos y en particular de los bosques de México, los cuales comprenden bosques de pino, bosques de pino-encino y bosques de oyamel principalmente, desde un enfoque ecológico. Para ello, se analizan formas de aprovechamiento silvícola, ubicando las prácticas forestales como son: establecimiento, crecimiento, composición y calidad de la vegetación forestal, podas, fertilización, riego, quemas prescritas, remoción de suelos, cortas de saneamiento y de recuperación. Se puntualiza acerca de la gestión en estos ecosistemas con respecto a la manera en que impactan las prácticas de extracción, ya que básicamente el manejo forestal tiene por objetivo la producción. Como una propuesta de manejo adecuado, se toman en cuenta aspectos ecofisiológicos de los árboles como son su adaptación a la competencia por luz, sequedad, suelos pobres y bajas temperaturas. Se enfatiza sobre la función que juegan los bosques en diversos servicios ambientales vitales para la sobrevivencia del hombre y de la biosfera en general (recreación, absorción de excesos de calor y luminosidad, frenar vientos y defender a los suelos de la erosión, captura de CO2 y regulación del ciclo hidrológico, principalmente). Por último se inscribe la problemática de la deforestación y se plantea la opción del manejo del bosque desde la perspectiva de uso múltiple en el marco de la sustentabilidad.
PALABRAS CLAVE: manejo forestal; uso múltiple de bosques; silvicultura; gestión forestal; bosques templados fríos
In this text, the handling of the cold temperate forests, and particularly of Mexican forests, which include pine, oak-pine, and “oyamel” forests mainly, is considered from an ecological approach. For this, forms of silvicultural exploitation are analyzed, locating forestry practices such as: establishment, growth, composition and quality of the forest vegetation, pruning, fertilization, irrigation, prescribed burn, ground removal, cleaning and recovery cuts. It is emphasized about the management in these ecosystems with respect to the way in which they are disturbed by the extraction practices, since basically the forest handling has by objective the production. As a proposal of suitable handling, eco-physiological aspects of trees, such as their adaptation to the competition by light, dryness, poor grounds and low temperatures, are taken into account. It is emphasized on the played function by forests in diverse vital environmental services for the survival of the man and the biosphere in general (recreation, excesses heat and luminosity, absorption, to restrain winds and to defend grounds of the erosion, CO2 capture, and regulation of the hydrologic cycle, mainly). Finally, the problematic of deforestation is registered and the option of forest handling is considered from the perspective of multiple uses within the framework of sustainability.
KEY WORDS: forest handling; multiple use of forests; forestry; forest management; cold temperate forests
LITERATURA CITADA
ABRAMS, M. D.; KUBISKE, M. E.; MOSTOLLER. S. A. 1994. Relating wet and dry year ecophysiology to leaf structure in contrasting temperate tree species. Ecology 75:123-133. [ Links ]
AUSTIN, M. P. 1990. Community theory and competition in vegetation. In: J. B. Grace y D. Tilman (Eds.). Perspectives on Plant Competition. Academic Press, New York. [ Links ]
AVERY, T. E.; BURKHART, H. E. 1994. Forest Measurements. McGraw- Hill, New York. 408 pp. [ Links ]
BARNES, B. V. 1996. Silviculture, landscape ecosystems, and the iron law of the site, For star chiv 67:226-235. [ Links ]
BARNES, B. V.; XÜ, Z.; ZHAO, S. 1992. Forest ecosystems in an oldgrowth pine-mixed hard-wood forest of the Changbai Shan Preserve in northeastern China. Can. J. For. Res. 22:144-160. [ Links ]
BOND, W. J.; VAN WILGEN, B. W. 1996. Fire and Plants. Chapman & Hall, London. 263 pp. [ Links ]
BORMAN, F. H.; LIKENS, G. E.; SICCAMA, T. G.; PIERRE, P. S.; EATON, J. S. 1974. The Export of Nutrients and Recovery of stable conditions, Following Deforestation at Hubbord Brook. Zoological Monographs (1974) 44: pp 255-277. [ Links ]
CAREY, A. B.; JOHNSON, M. L. 1995. Small mammals in managed, naturally young, and old-growth forests. Ecol. Applications 5:336-352. [ Links ]
CHEN, J.; FRANKLIN, J. F.; SPIES, T. A. 1995. Growing-season, microclimatic gradients from clear cut edges into old-growth Douglas- fir forests. Ecol. Applications 5:74-86. [ Links ]
CHURCH, R.; DAUGHERTY, P. J. 1999. Considering Intergenerational Equity in Linear Programming-based Forest Planning Models with MAXMIN objective Functions. Forest Science. 45 (3): 366-373. [ Links ]
DAHLGREN, R. A. 1994. Soil acidification and nitrogen saturation from weathering of ammonium-bearing rock. Nature 368:838-840. [ Links ]
GRUMBINE, R. E. 1994. What is ecosystem management? Conserv. Biol. 8:27-38. [ Links ]
GUSTAFSON, E. J.; CROW, T. R. 1994. Modeling the effects of forest harvesting on landscape structure and the spatial distribution of cowbird brood parasitism. Landscape Ecology 9:237-248. [ Links ]
INSTITUTO DE GEOGRAFÍA. 2002. Análisis del cambio de uso del suelo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. México. 2002. [ Links ]
KOZLOWSKI, T. T.; PALLARDY, S. G. 1997a. Physiology ofWoody Plants. 2nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 411 pp. [ Links ]
KOZLOWSKI, T. T. ; PALLARDY, S. G. 1997b. Growth Control in Woody Plants. Academic Press. San Diego. CA. 641 pp. [ Links ]
MALLÉN, R. C. 2005. Hacia un moderno manejo forestal. Teorema Ambiental. Año 11, Abril-Mayo, Número 51: 28-38. [ Links ]
OLIVER, C. D. 1981. Forest development in North America following major disturbances. For. Ecol. Manage. 3:153-168. [ Links ]
OLIVER, C. D.; LARSON, B. C. 1990. Forest Stand Dynamics. McGraw- Hill, New York. 467 pp. [ Links ]
OVINGTON, J. D. (Ed.). 1983. Ecosystems of the World, Temperate Broad-Leaved Evergreen Forests. Vol. 10. Elsevier, New York. 242 pp. [ Links ]
PERRY, J. P., Jr. 1991. The Pines of Mexico and Central America. Timber Press, Portland, OR. 231 pp. [ Links ]
RZEDOWSKI J. 1978. Vegetación de México. Limusa. México. 432 p. [ Links ]
SEMARNAT. 2002. Estudio de tendencias y perspectivas del sector forestal en América Latina al año 2020. Informe Nacional. México. FAO-SEMARNAT. [ Links ]
SILVERTOWN, J. W.; DOUST, J. L. 1993. Introduction to Plant Population Biology. Blackwell, Oxford. 210 pp. [ Links ]
SWANSON, F. J.; FRANKLIN, J. F. 1992. New forestry principles from ecosystem analysis of Pacific Northwest forests. Ecol. Applications 2:267-274. [ Links ]
VIERECK, L. A. 1983. The effects of fire in black spruce ecosystems of Alaska and northern Canada. In: R. W. Wein y D. A. MacLean (Eds.). The Role of Fire in Northern Circumpolar Ecosystems. John Wiley, New York. [ Links ]
VITOUSEK, P. M.; REINERS, W. A. 1975. Ecosystem succession and nutrient retention: a hypothesis. BioScience 25:376-381. [ Links ]
VOGELMANN J. E. 1995. Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology. Conserv. Biol . 9:439-449. [ Links ]
WARING, R. H. 1991. Responses of evergreen trees to multiple stresses. In: H. A. Mooney, W. E. Winer, y E. J. Pell (Eds.). Response of Plants to Multiple Stresses. Academic Press, New York. [ Links ]
ZAK, D. R.; PREGITZER, K. S. 1990. Spatial and temporal viability of nitrogen cycling in northern Lower Michigan. For. Sci. 36:367-380. [ Links ]
ZAK, D. R. ; TILMAN, D.; PARMENTER, R. R.; RICE, C. W.; FISHER, F. M.; VOSE, J.; MICHUNAS, D.; MARTIN, C. W. 1994. Plant production and soil microorganisms in late-successional ecosystems: a continental-scale study. Ecology 75: 2333-2347. [ Links ]
ZOU, X.; THEISS, C.; BARNES, B. V. 1992. Pattern of Kirtland’s warbler occurrence in relation to the landscape structure of its summer habitat in northern Lower Michigan. Landscape Ecology . 6:221-231. [ Links ]
Recibido: 11 de Julio de 2004; Aprobado: 03 de Septiembre de 2004
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
