Introduction
Since early in history, man has attempted to describe his environment; this required naming the local plants and animals in the surroundings (Clutton-Brock 2015). The names of living organisms serve two essential purposes. The first is that the properties of any organism such as color, size and shape can be associated with its name, so that we can infer the information on an organism through its name alone; for instance, the word “mouse” automatically communicates the intrinsic characteristics of this animal. Second, the name is essential for communication, and the more widespread the name is, the better the communication between people.
These roles of information and communication of names are equally applicable to scientific and vernacular names. However, since the publication of the tenth edition of Sistema Nature (Linnaeus 1758) and after a number of issues of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to the latest revision (ICZN 1999), scientific names acquired additional functions, such as being unique and universal, both characteristics not shared by vernacular names. However, the vernacular name is the first thing we know about a mammal (Verts and Carraway 1998); thus, early in life we learn names such as “cat” or “dog”. These common names, which we learn from childhood or by interacting and communicating with others in adulthood, are key because they remain in our memory and are part of our common sense. Ultimately, these play an important role in meeting the need to identify and have in place an efficient communication means about a specific kind of mammal (Verts and Carraway 1998).
Another advantage of vernacular names vs. scientific names is that, outside of the academic environment, the latter are little known, unfriendly, and difficult to learn and remember. The lack of knowledge of Greek and Latin roots do not allow to understand and express their meaning to our partners (Álvarez-Castaneda and Alvarez 1996).
In Spanish, vernacular names are little used in scientific literature; in fact, there are questions and discussion as to the definition of common, vulgar and vernacular names (Mones and Mones 1991). Here we define common name as the one used by ordinary people, in most cases at the local level, and generally in little known languages or dialects; this is the case of “citli”, a name of Nahuatl origin that refers to the hare (Lepus sp.; Sanchez 1985). Vernacular names are those used in a regional context. These are usually designed by zoologists, and their use has expanded over time; an example is the name “murciélago magueyero” (long-nosed bat) mentioned by Arita and Humphrey (1988) to refer to the species of the genus Leptonycteris, the use of which became subsequently widespread. Vulgar name refers to any of the previous two. It must be recognized, however, that in many cases the distinction between these two types of names is ambiguous or unclear. For example, the vulgar names coyote (Canis latrans), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), and temazate (Mazama sp.) have their origin in the common names of the Nahuatl words “coyotl”, “ocelotl”, and “temazatl”, respectively.
In English, the use of vernacular names is extremely widespread even in the academic environment. It is commonly used in the description of species (e. g., Porter et al. 2017), being used in taxonomic monographs since the end of the 18th century (Kerr 1792; Allen 1894; Merriam 1918), as well as in monographs at the state level in the English language (Hall and Dalquest 1963; Anderson 1972, Sánchez-Hernández et al. 2016). In addition, it is traditionally used in taxonomic list of the mammals of North America (Jones et al. 1973; Hall 1981; Wilson and Ruff 1999; Baker et al. 2003; Reid 2006) and of the world (Wilson and Cole 2000; Wilson and Reeder 2005). U.S. researchers discovered the advantages of the vernacular name, namely that it improves the efficiency of communications by having names in their own language. These names are even more frequently used in the academic environment even when the scientific name is known, and because vernacular names can contribute to resolve taxonomic or nomenclature issues since, in many cases, these are more stable than scientific names (Jackson and Groves 2015).
In Mexico, vernacular names are frequently used in publications to the general public (e. g., Alvarez and González 1987), being widely accepted for birds (Escalante et al. 2014) and marine mammals (Gallo-Reynoso 1985); however, these are rarely used in most scientific publications of terrestrial mammals, even when remarkable reviews are available. Sanchez (1985) performed a search of names in the Mexican Nahuatl dialect, and found 51 names of common use, whereas Gaumer (1917) provided the names of the mammals of Yucatan in the Mayan language; in both cases, common names were correctly associated with the respective scientific names. To the best of our knowledge, pioneering work in Mexico on the use of vernacular names was conducted by Villa (1967) and Ramírez-Pulido et al. (1983). From then on, these have been used in some regional monographs (e. g., Ceballos and Galindo 1984; González-Christen 2010) and in extensive monographs of the mammals of Mexico (Aranda 2000; Villa-Ramirez and Cervantes 2003; Ceballos and Oliva 2005). However, all these publications have particular vernacular names that are unique to charismatic species of mammals, of economic importance in medicine or as food, of in conservation, as is the case of the jaguar (Panthera onca), or the tapir (Tapirella bairdii). Other names are applied to a wide range of mammals that share common characteristics such as bats, mice, and gophers; some of these names are applicable to all species in the same family or belonging to several families. Collective names for similar species are frequently used in many parts of the world (Simpson 1941; Verts and Carraway 1998).
Today, electronic media have made it possible to increase the flow of information and its accessibility. They have also allowed non-specialists in the study of mammals to access information about various species. Vernacular names are particularly important in this case, as they serve as a link between the academia and users that share information: in fact, this is the modern objective of vernacular names (Jackson and Groves 2015). That is why the use of the vernacular names is necessary in disclosure documents or official, as in the Mexican Official Standard 059 (SEMARNAT 2001, 2010) and the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN; http://www.iucn.org).
We are currently working on keys to identify mammals in North America, where we have recorded 800 species, Based the previous works of Álvarez-Castañeda et al. (2015, 2017). In virtually all cases a vernacular name in English is available for each species, and less than 15 % of species have a name in Spanish. The work will be published as a book in bilingual format; thus, it was decided that all species should have a common name in English and one in Spanish to facilitate their identification. This motivated us to produce a list of names that may be useful and of wide distribution and use at the regional level (Table 1). As vernacular names in English are already extensively used, we only gathered a list, seeking matches between the different lists available, as needed (Jones et al. 1973; Hall 1981; Wilson and Ruff 1999; Wilson and Cole 2000; Baker et al. 2003; Wilson and Reeder 2005; Reid 2006); we designed novel names in the case of either new species or those with recent taxonomic changes. For the Spanish names, we reviewed all the literature to the extent possible (see above), compiling vernacular names commonly used in the literature in Spanish; for the majority of species, however, there is no information on their names, so a common name is proposed for each in these cases.
Nombre cientifico | Nombre en inglés | Nombre en español |
---|---|---|
Artiodactyla | ||
Antilocapridae | ||
Antilocapra americana | Pronghorn | berrendo |
Bovidae | ||
Bison bison | American bison | bisonte americano |
Oreamnos americanus | Mountain goat | cabra de montaña/cabra blanca |
Ovibos moschatus | Muskox | buey almizclero/toro almizclero |
Ovis canadensis | Bighorn sheep | borrego cimarrón |
Ovis dalli | Dall’s sheep | borrego cimarrón de las rocallosas/borrego cimarrón blanco |
Cervidae | ||
Alces americanus | Moose | alce |
Cervus canadensis | Wapiti | wapití/ciervo canadiense |
Cervus elaphus | Elk/Red deer | ciervo rojo |
Mazama pandora | Yucatan brown brocket | temazate café/yuk café, mazate, cabrito café |
Mazama temama | Central american red brocket | temazate rojo/yuk rojo, mazate rojo, cabrito rojo |
Odocoileus hemionus | Mule deer | venado bura |
Odocoileus virginianus | White-tailed deer | venado cola blanca |
Rangifer tarandus | Caribou/Reindeer | reno/caribú |
Tayassuidae | ||
Dicotyles angulatus | Western collared peccary | jabalí de collar del oeste |
Dicotyles crassus | Eastern collared peccary | pecarí o jabalí de collar del este |
Tayassu pecari | White-lipped peccary | pecarí o jabalí de labios blancos, senso |
Carnivora | ||
Canidae | ||
Canis latrans | Coyote | coyote |
Canis lupus | Gray wolf | lobo gris, lobo de bosque |
Canis lycaon | Eastern wolf | lobo canadiense |
Canis rufus | Red wolf | lobo rojo |
Urocyon cinereoargenteus | Gray fox | zorra gris |
Urocyon littoralis | Island gray fox | zorra gris de isla catalina |
Vulpes lagopus | Arctic fox | zorra del ártico |
Vulpes macrotis | Kit fox | zorra del desierto, zorra norteña |
Vulpes velox | Swift fox | zorra del desierto |
Vulpes vulpes | Red fox | zorro rojo |
Felidae | ||
Leopardus pardalis | Ocelot | ocelote |
Leopardus wiedii | Margay | tigrillo/margay |
Lynx canadensis | Canada lynx | lince canadiense |
Lynx rufus | Bobcat | gato montés/lince rojo/lince americano |
Panthera onca | Jaguar | jaguar/tigre/pantera |
Puma concolor | Cougar | puma/león, león de montaña |
Herpailurus yagouaroundi | Jaguarundi | Jaguarundi/leoncillo/onza real |
Mephitidae | ||
Conepatus leuconotus | American hog-nosed skunk | zorrillo espalda blanca |
Conepatus semistriatus | Striped hog-nosed skunk | zorrillo bilistado |
Mephitis macroura | Hooded skunk | zorrillo rayado sureño |
Mephitis mephitis | Striped skunk | zorrillo rayado norteño |
Spilogale angustifrons | Southern spotted skunk | zorrillo manchado del sur |
Spilogale gracilis | Western spotted skunk | zorrillo manchado del oeste |
Spilogale putorius | Eastern spotted skunk | zorrillo manchado del este |
Spilogale pygmaea | Pygmy spotted skunk | zorrillo pigmeo |
Eira barbara | Tayra | tayra/cabeza de viejo/viejo de monte |
Enhydra lutris | Sea otter | nutria marina |
Galictis vittata | Greater grison | grisón |
Gulo gulo | Wolverine | glotón/carcayú |
Lontra canadensis | North american river otter | nutria de río norteamericana |
Lontra longicaudis | Neotropical otter | nutria de río/perro de agua |
Martes americana | American marten | marta americana |
Martes pennanti | Fisher | marta pescadora |
Mustela erminea | Ermine | armiño |
Mustela frenata | Long-tailed weasel | comadreja, oncita, hurón |
Mustela nigripes | Black-footed ferret | hurón de patas negras |
Mustela nivalis | Least weasel | comadreja pequeña |
Neovison vison | American mink | mink |
Taxidea taxus | American badger | tlalcoyote/tejón |
Odobenidae | ||
Odobenus rosmarus | Walrus | morsa |
Otaridae | ||
Arctocephalus philippii | Guadalupe fur seal | lobo fino de guadalupe |
Callorhinus ursinus | Northern fur seal | lobo marino del ártico |
Eumetopias jubatus | Steller sea lion | león marino del norte |
Zalopus californicus | California sea lion | león marino de California |
Phocidae | ||
Cystophora cristata | Hooded seal | foca capuchina |
Erignathus barbatus | Bearded seal | foca barbuda |
Halichoerus grypus | Gray seal | foca gris |
Histriophoca fasciata | Ribbon seal | foca listada |
Mirounga angustirostris | Northern elephant seal | elefante marino |
Monachus tropicalis | Caribbean monk seal | foca del caribe |
Pagophilus groenlandicus | Harp seal | foca pia |
Phoca largha | Spotted seal | foca manchada |
Phoca vitulina | Harbor seal | foca común/foca moteada |
Pusa hispida | Ringed seal | foca anillada |
Procyonidae | ||
Bassariscus astutus | Ringtail | cacomixtle/sietillo/babisuri |
Bassariscus sumichrasti | Cacomistle | cacomixtle tropical/huiloncha |
Nasua narica | White-nosed coati | coatí/pizote/amátze/tejón |
Potos flavus | Kinkajou | martucha/mico de noche |
Procyon lotor | Raccoon | mapache |
Procyon pygmaeus | Cozumel raccoon | mapache pigmeo |
Ursidae | ||
Ursus americanus | American black bear | oso negro |
Ursus arctos | Brown bear, grizzly bear | oso pardo/grizzly |
Ursus maritimus | Polar bear | oso polar |
Cetacea | ||
Balaenidae | ||
Balaena mysticetus | Bowhead | ballena de Groenlandia/ballena boreal |
Eubalaena japonica | North Pacific Right Whale | ballena franca |
Balaenopteridae | ||
Balaenoptera acutorostrata | Common Minke Whale | rorcual enano/rorcual picudo |
Balaenoptera borealis | Sei Whale | rorcual boreal |
Balaenoptera edeni | Bryde’s Whale | rorcual tropical |
Balaenoptera musculus | Blue Whale | ballena azul/rorcual azul |
Balaenoptera physalus | Fin Whale | rorcual común/rorcual de aleta |
Megaptera novaeangliae | Humpback Whale | ballena jorobada/rorcual jorobado |
Eschrichtiidae | ||
Eschrichtius robustus | Gray Whale | ballena gris |
Delphinidae | ||
Delphinus capensis | Long-beaked Common Dolphin | delfín común de rostro largo |
Delphinus delphis | Short-beaked Common Dolphin | delfín común |
Feresa attenuata | Pygmy Killer Whale | orca pigmea |
Globicephala macrorhynchus | Short-finned Pilot Whale | calderón/ballena piloto |
Globicephala melas | Long-finned Pilot Whale | ballena piloto de aleta larga/calderón común |
Grampus griseus | Risso’s Dolphin | delfín gris |
Lagenodelphis hosei | Fraser’s Dolphin | delfín de botella |
Lagenorhynchus acutus | Atlantic White-sided Dolphin | delfín de flancos blancos |
Lagenorhynchus albirostris | White-beaked Dolphin | delfín hocico blanco |
Lagenorhynchus obliquidens | Pacific White-sided Dolphin | delfín de costados blancos |
Lissodelphis borealis | Northern Right Whale Dolphin | delfín liso boreal |
Orcinus orca | Killer Whale | orca |
Peponocephala electra | Melon-headed Whale | ballena cabeza de melón |
Pseudorca crassidens | False Killer Whale | falsa orca/orca bastarda |
Stenella attenuata | Pantropical Spotted Dolphin | delfín manchado tropical |
Stenella clymene | Clymene Dolphin | delfín giradora del atlántico |
Stenella coeruleoalba | Striped Dolphin | delfín rayado |
Stenella frontalis | Atlantic Spotted Dolphin | delfín manchado del Atlántico |
Stenella longirostris | Spinner Dolphin | delfín tornillo |
Steno bredanensis | Rough-toothed Dolphin | delfín de dientes rugosos |
Tursiops truncatus | Bottlenose Dolphin | tonina |
Monodontidae | ||
Delphinapterus leucas | Beluga | beluga |
Monodon monoceros | Narwhal | narval |
Phocoenidae | ||
Phocoena sinus | Vaquita | vaquita |
Phocoenoides dalli | Dall’s Porpoise | marsopa |
Physeteridae | ||
Kogia breviceps | Pygmy Sperm Whale | cachalote pigmeo |
Kogia sima | Dwarf Sperm Whale | cachalote enano |
Physeter macrocephalus | Sperm Whale | cachalote |
Ziphiidae | ||
Berardius bairdii | Baird’s Beaked Whale | ballena picuda/zifio picudo grande |
Indopacetus pacificus | Tropical Bottlenose Whale | ballena nariz del Indopacífico |
Mesoplodon bidens | Sowerby’s Beaked Whale | ballena picuda del atlántico del norte |
Mesoplodon carlhubbsi | Hubb’s Beaked Whale | ballena picuda de Hubbs |
Mesoplodon densirostris | Blainville’s Beaked Whale | ballena picuda rostro grande/zifio rostro grande |
Mesoplodon europaeus | Gervais’s Beaked Whale | ballena picuda del atlántico/zifio europeo |
Mesoplodon ginkgodens | Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale | ballena picuda japonesa |
Mesoplodon mirus | True’s Beaked Whale | ballena picuda gris |
Mesoplodon peruvianus | Pygmy Beaked Whale | ballena picuda tropical |
Ziphius cavirostris | Cuvier’s Beaked Whale | ballenato picudo |
Chiroptera | ||
Emballonuridae | ||
Balantiopteryx io | Thomas’s sac-winged bat | murciélago de sacos pardo |
Balantiopteryx plicata | Gray sac-winged bat | murciélago de sacos gris |
Centronycteris centralis | Thomas’s shaggy bat | murciélago lanudo |
Diclidurus albus | Northern ghost bat | murciélago blanco |
Peropteryx kappleri | Greater dog-like bat | murciélago perro mayor |
Peropteryx macrotis | Lesser dog-like bat | murciélago perro menor |
Rhynchonycteris naso | Proboscis bat | murciélago narigón |
Saccopteryx bilineata | Greater sac-winged bat | murciélago rayado mayor |
Saccopteryx leptura | Lesser sac-winged bat | murciélago rayado menor |
Molossidae | ||
Cynomops mexicanus | Mexican dog-faced bat | murciélago cara de perro mexicano |
Eumops auripendulus | Black bonneted bat | murciélago de gorra negro |
Eumops ferox | Central america bonneted bat | murciélago de gorra Centroamericano |
Eumops floridanus | Florida bonneted bat | murciélago de gorra de Florida |
Eumops hansae | Sanborn’s bonneted bat | murciélago de gorra pigmeo |
Eumops nanus | Eastern lesser bonneted bat | murciélago de gorra pigmeo del este |
Eumops perotis | Greater bonneted bat | murciélago de gorra mayor del oeste |
Eumops underwoodi | Underwood’s bonneted bat | murciélago de gorra del Pacífico |
Molossus alvarezi | Alvarez’s mastiff bat | murciélago mastín de Yucatán |
Molossus aztecus | Aztec mastiff bat | murciélago mastín de Azteca |
Molossus coibensis | Coiban mastiff bat | murciélago mastín de Coiban |
Molossus molossus | Pallas’s mastiff bat | murciélago mastín peludo |
Molossus rufus | Black mastiff bat | murciélago mastín negro |
Molossus sinaloae | Sinaloan mastiff bat | murciélago mastín de Sinaloa |
Nyctinomops aurispinosus | Peale’s free-tailed bat | murciélago de cola libre |
Nyctinomops femorosaccus | Pocketed free-tailed bat | murciélago de cola libre de bolsa |
Nyctinomops laticaudatus | Broad-eared free-tailed bat | murciélago de cola libre de orejas grandes |
Nyctinomops macrotis | Big free-tailed bat | murciélago de cola libre mayor |
Promops centralis | Big crested mastiff bat | murciélago mastín crestado |
Tadarida brasiliensis | Brazilian free-tailed bat | murciélago mexicano de cola libre |
Mormoopidae | ||
Mormoops megalophylla | Ghost-faced bat | murciélago cara arrugada |
Pteronotus davyi | Davy’s naked-backed bat | murciélago de espalda desnuda menor |
Pteronotus gymnonotus | Big naked-backed bat | murciélago de espalda desnuda mayor |
Pteronotus parnellii | Common mustached bat | murciélago bigotudo mayor |
Pteronotus personatus | Wagner’s mustached bat | murciélago bigotudo menor |
Natalidae | ||
Natalus lanatus | Hairy funnel-eared bats | murciélago orejas de embudo lanudo |
Natalus mexicanus | Mexican greater funnel-eared bat | murciélago orejas de embudo mexicano |
Noctilionidae | ||
Noctilio albiventris | Lesser bulldog bat | murciélago pescador menor |
Noctilio leporinus | Greater bulldog bat | murciélago pescador mayor |
Phyllostomidae | ||
Anoura geoffroyi | Geoffroy’s tailless bat | murciélago sin cola gris |
Artibeus hirsutus | Hairy fruit-eating bat | murciélago frutero de patas peludas |
Artibeus jamaicensis | Jamaican fruit-eating bat | murciélago frutero común/murciélago zapotero |
Artibeus lituratus | Great fruit-eating bat | murciélago frutero gigante |
Dermanura azteca | Aztec fruit-eating bat | murciélago frutero menor de patas peludas |
Dermanura phaeotis | Pygmy fruit-eating bat | murciélago frutero pigmeo |
Dermanura tolteca | Toltec fruit-eating bat | murciélago frutero menor de patas desnudas |
Dermanura watsoni | Thomas’s fruit-eating bat | murciélago frutero Centroamericano |
Carollia perspicillata | Seba’s short-tailed bat | murciélago colicorta |
Carollia sowelli | Sowell’s short-tailed bat | murciélago colicorta pardo |
Carollia subrufa | Gray short-tailed bat | murciélago colicorta gris |
Centurio senex | Wrinkle-faced bat | murciélago cara de viejo |
Chiroderma salvini | Salvin’s big-eyed bat | murciélago ojudo pardo |
Chiroderma villosum | Hairy big-eyed bat | murciélago ojudo güero |
Choeroniscus godmani | Godman’s long-tongued bat | murciélago de cola larga |
Choeronycteris mexicana | Mexican long-tongued bat | murciélago trompudo mexicano |
Chrotopterus auritus | Woolly False Vampire bat | falso vampiro lanudo |
Desmodus rotundus | Common vampire bat | vampiro común |
Diaemus youngi | White-winged vampire bat | vampiro de alas blancas |
Diphylla ecaudata | Hairy-legged vampire bat | vampiro de patas peludas |
Enchisthenes hartii | Velvety fruit-eating bat | murciélago frutero negro |
Glossophaga commissarisi | Commissaris’s long-tongued bat | murciélago lenguilargo pequeño |
Glossophaga leachii | Gray’s long-tongued bat | murciélago lenguilargo gris |
Glossophaga morenoi | Western long-tongued bat | murciélago lenguilargo del oeste |
Glossophaga soricina | Pallas’s long-tongued bat | murciélago lenguilargo común |
Glyphonycteris sylvestris | Tri-colored big-eared bat | murciélago tricolor |
Hylonycteris underwoodi | Underwood’s long-tongued bat | murciélago lenguilargo moreno |
Lampronycteris brachyotis | Yellow-throated big-eared bat | murciélago orejón de garganta amarilla |
Leptonycteris nivalis | Mexican long-nosed bat | murciélago magueyero mayor |
Leptonycteris yerbabuenae | Lesser long-nosed bat | murciélago magueyero menor |
Lichonycteris obscura | Dark long-tongued bat | murciélago lenguilargo oscuro |
Lonchorhina aurita | Common sword-nosed bat | murciélago nariz de espada |
Lophostoma brasiliense | Pygmy round-eared bat | murciélago orejas redondas brasileño |
Lophostoma evotis | Davis’s round-eared bat | murciélago orejas redondas Mesoamericano |
Macrophyllum macrophyllum | Long-legged bat | murciélago patas largas |
Macrotus californicus | California big-eared bats | murciélago orejón norteño |
Macrotus waterhousii | Waterhouse’s big-eared bats | murciélago orejón sureño |
Micronycteris microtis | Common little big-eared bats | murciélago orejón pequeño |
Micronycteris schmidtorum | Schmidts’s little big-eared bats | murciélago orejón centroamericano |
Mimon cozumelae | Cozumelan golden bat | murciélago dorado de Cozumel |
Mimon crenulatum | Striped hairy-nosed bat | murciélago dorado nariz peluda |
Musonycteris harrisoni | Banana bat | murciélago hocicudo del Balsas |
Phylloderma stenops | Pale-faced bat | murciélago cara pálida |
Phyllostomus discolor | Pale spear-nosed bat | murciélago pálido de nariz de lanza |
Platyrrhinus helleri | Heller’s broad-nosed bat | murciélago listado nariz ancha |
Sturnira hondurensis | Highland yellow-shouldered bat | murciélago de charreteras mayor |
Sturnira parvidens | Little yellow-shouldered bat | murciélago de charreteras menor |
Tonatia saurophila | Stripe-headed round-eared bat | murciélago cabeza rayada orejas redondas |
Trachops cirrhosus | Fringe-lipped bat | murciélago labio verrugoso |
Trinycteris nicefori | Niceforo’s big-eared bat | murciélago orejón raro |
Uroderma bilobatum | Tent-making bat | murciélago acampador moreno |
Uroderma magnirostrum | Brown tent-making bat | murciélago acampador pálido |
Vampyressa thyone | Northern little yellow-eared bat | murciélago cara pintada menor |
Vampyrodes major | Great stripe-faced bat | murciélago cara pintada mayor |
Vampyrum spectrum | Spectral bat | murciélago espectral |
Thyropteridae | ||
Thyroptera tricolor | Spix’s disk-winged bat | murciélago muñecas con ventosas |
Vespertilionidae | ||
Antrozous pallidus | Pallid bat | murciélago pálido/ murciélago desertícola |
Bauerus dubiaquercus | Van gelder’s bat | murciélago pálido trópical |
Corynorhinus mexicanus | Mexican big-eared bat | murciélago orejudo mexicano |
Corynorhinus rafinesquii | Rafinesque’s big-eared bat | murciélago orejudo norteamerícano |
Corynorhinus townsendii | Townsend’s big-eared bat | murciélago orejudo pálido |
Eptesicus brasiliensis | Brazilian brown bat | murciélago pardo de Brasil |
Eptesicus furinalis | Argentinian brown bat | murciélago pardo tropical |
Eptesicus fuscus | Big brown bat | murciélago pardo grande |
Euderma maculatum | Spotted bat | murciélago orejudo manchado |
Idionycteris phyllotis | Allen’s big-eared bat | murciélago orejudo negro |
Lasionycteris noctivagans | Silver-haired bat | murciélago plateado |
Lasiurus blossevillii | Western red bat | murciélago colapeluda rojo del oeste |
Lasiurus borealis | Eastern red bat | murciélago colapeluda rojo del este |
Lasiurus cinereus | Hoary bat | murciélago colapeluda canoso |
Lasiurus ega | Southern yellow bat | murciélago colapeluda amarillo del sur |
Lasiurus intermedius | Northern yellow bat | murciélago colapeluda amarillo del norte |
Lasiurus seminolus | Seminole bat | murciélago colapeluda canoso de Florida |
Lasiurus xanthinus | Western yellow bat | murciélago colapeluda amarillo del oeste |
Myotis albescens | Silver-tipped myotis | murciélago ratón plateado |
Myotis auriculus | Southwestern myotis | murciélago ratón suroccidental |
Myotis austroriparius | Southeastern myotis | murciélago ratón del sureste |
Myotis californicus | California myotis | murciélago ratón de California |
Myotis ciliolabrum | Western small-footed myotis | murciélago ratón occidental |
Myotis elegans | Elegant myotis | murciélago ratón tropical/murciélago ratón elegante |
Myotis evotis | Long-eared myotis | murciélago del oeste |
Myotis findleyi | Findley’s myotis | murciélago ratón de las Islas Marías |
Myotis fortidens | Cinnamon myotis | murciélago ratón canela |
Myotis grisescens | Gray myotis | murciélago ratón gris |
Myotis keaysi | Hairy-legged myotis | murciélago ratón pata peluda |
Myotis keenii | Keen’s myotis | murciélago ratón de la Columbia Británica |
Myotis leibii | Eastern small-footed myotis | murciélago ratón oriental |
Myotis lucifugus | Little brown myotis | murciélago ratón Norteamericano |
Myotis melanorhinus | Dark-nosed small-footed myotis | murciélago ratón de nariz negra |
Myotis nigricans | Black myotis | murciélago ratón negro |
Myotis occultus | Arizona myotis | murciélago ratón de Arizona |
Myotis pilosatibialis | Haired legs myotis | murciélago ratón patas peludas |
Myotis planiceps | Flat-headed myotis | murciélago ratón de cabeza plana |
Myotis septentrionalis | Northern myotis | murciélago ratón grande del norte |
Myotis sodalis | Indiana myotis | murciélago ratón de Indíana |
Myotis thysanodes | Fringed myotis | murciélago ratón peludo |
Myotis velifer | Cave myotis | murciélago ratón de las cuevas |
Myotis vivesi | Fish-eating myotis | murciélago ratón pescador |
Myotis volans | Long-legged myotis | murciélago ratón patas largas |
Myotis yumanensis | Yuma myotis | murciélago ratón pequeño |
Nycticeius humeralis | Evening bat | murciélago del anochecer |
Parastrellus hesperus | American parastrelle | murciélago pequeño del oeste |
Perimyotis subflavus | Eastern pipistrelle | murciélago pequeño del este |
Rhogeessa aeneus | Yucatan yellow bat | murciélago amarillo de Yucatán |
Rhogeessa alleni | Yellow bat | murciélago amarillo grande |
Rhogeessa bickhami | Bickham’s yellow bat | murciélago amarillo de la costa Chiapas |
Rhogeessa genowaysi | Genoways’s yellow bat | murciélago amarillo de Chiapas |
Rhogeessa gracilis | Slender yellow bat | murciélago amarillo delgado |
Rhogeessa mira | Least yellow bat | murciélago amarillo pigmeo |
Rhogeessa parvula | Little yellow bat | murciélago amarillo pequeño |
Rhogeessa tumida | Black-winged little yellow bat | murciélago amarillo de alas negras |
Cingulata | ||
Dasypodidae | ||
Cabassous centralis | Northern naked-tailed armadillo | armadillo de cola desnuda |
Dasypus novemcinctus | Nine-banded armadillo | armadillo/armadillo de nueve bandas |
Didelphiomorpha | ||
Didelphidae | ||
Caluromys derbianus | Derby’s woolly opossum | tlacuache lanudo |
Chironectes minimus | Water opossum | tlacuache de agua |
Didelphis marsupialis | Common opossum | tlacuache sureño/zarigüeya sureña |
Didelphis virginiana | Virginia opossum | tlacuache norteño/zarigüeya norteña |
Marmosa mexicana | Mexican mouse opossum | ratón tlacuache mexicano |
Metachirus nudicaudatus | Brown four-eyed opossum | tlacuache de cuatro ojos moreno/cuatro ojillos moreno |
Philander opossum | Gray four-eyed opossum | tlacuache de cuatro ojos gris/cuatro ojillos gris |
Tlacuatzin balsasensis | Balsas mouse opossum | tlacuachín/ratón tlacuache del Balsas |
Tlacuatzin canescens | Gray mouse opossum | tlacuachín/ratón tlacuache del Pacífico |
Tlacuatzin gaumeri | Yucatan mouse opossum | tlacuachín/ratón tlacuache Yucateco |
Tlacuatzin insularis | Tres Marías mouse oposum | tlacuachín/ratón tlacuache de Tres Marías |
Tlacuatzin sinaloae | Northern mouse opossum | tlacuachín/ratón tlacuache norteño |
Lagomorpha | ||
Leporidae | ||
Brachylagus idahoensis | Pygmy rabbit | conejo pigmeo |
Lepus alleni | Antelope jackrabbit | liebre antílope |
Lepus americanus | Snowshoe hare | liebre de las nieves |
Lepus arcticus | Arctic hare | liebre del ártico |
Lepus californicus | Black-tailed jackrabbit | liebre de cola negra |
Lepus callotis | White-sided jackrabbit | liebre de costados blancos, liebre torda |
Lepus flavigularis | Tehuantepec jackrabbit | liebre de Tehuantepec |
Lepus othus | Alaskan hare | liebre de Alaska |
Lepus townsendii | White-tailed jackrabbit | liebre de cola blanca |
Romerolagus diazi | Volcano rabbit | teporingo/zacatuche/conejo de los volcanes |
Sylvilagus aquaticus | Swamp rabbit | conejo de los pantanos |
Sylvilagus audubonii | Desert cottontail | conejo del desierto |
Sylvilagus bachmani | Brush rabbit | conejo de los arbustos |
Sylvilagus gabbi | Tropical cottontail | conejo tropical |
Sylvilagus cognatus | Manzano mountain cottontail | conejo de las montañas manzano |
Sylvilagus cunicularius | Mexican cottontail | conejo mexicano, conejo castellano |
Sylvilagus floridanus | Eastern cottontail | conejo del este |
Sylvilagus graysoni | Tres marias cottontail | conejo de las Islas Marías |
Sylvilagus insonus | Omiltemi cottontail | conejo de Omilteme |
Sylvilagus nuttallii | Mountain cottontail | conejo de las montañas |
Sylvilagus obscurus | Appalachian cottontail | conejo de las montañas Apalaches |
Sylvilagus palustris | Marsh rabbit | conejo de los humedales |
Sylvilagus robustus | Robust cottontail | conejo del suroeste |
Sylvilagus transitionalis | New england cottontail | conejo de Nueva Inglaterra |
Ochotonidae | ||
Ochotona collaris | Collared pika | pica de collar |
Ochotona princeps | American pika | pica americana |
Perissodactyla | ||
Tapiridae | ||
Tapirella bairdii | Baird’s tapir | tapir centroamericano/danta |
Pilosa | ||
Cyclopedidae | ||
Cyclopes didactylus | Silky anteater | osito hormiguero dorado |
Myrmecophagidae | ||
Tamandua mexicana | Northern tamandua | tamandúa/oso hormiguero/brazo fuerte/chupamiel |
Primates | ||
Atelidae | ||
Alouatta palliata | Mantled howler | mono aullador de manto/saraguato de manto |
Alouatta villosa | Guatemalan black howler | mono aullador negro/saraguato negro |
Ateles geoffroyi | Geoffroy’s spider monkey | mono araña |
Rodentia | ||
Aplodontidae | ||
Aplodontia rufa | Sewellel | castor de montaña |
Castoridae | ||
Castor canadensis | American beaver | castor |
Cricetidae | ||
Arborimus albipes | White-footed vole | chincolo arborícola de patas blancas |
Arborimus longicaudus | Red tree vole | chincolo arborícola de las sequollas |
Arborimus pomo | Sonoma tree vole | chincolo arborícola de Sonoma |
Baiomys musculus | Southern pygmy mouse | ratón pigmeo del sur |
Baiomys taylori | Northern pygmy mouse | ratón pigmeo del norte |
Dicrostonyx groenlandicus | Nearctic collared lemming | leming de tundra común |
Dicrostonyx hudsonius | Ungava collared lemming | leming de tundra de Ungava |
Dicrostonyx nelsoni | Nelson’s collared lemming | leming de tundra de Alaska |
Dicrostonyx nunatakensis | Ogilvie mountains collared lemming | leming de tundra del Yukon |
Dicrostonyx richardsoni | Richardson’s collared lemming | leming de tundra de la Bahía Hudson |
Dicrostonyx unalascensis | Umnak island collared lemming | leming de tundra de la isla Umnak |
Habromys chinanteco | Chinanteco deermouse | ratón de arbóreo de Oaxaca |
Habromys delicatulus | Delicate deermouse | ratón de arbóreo delicado |
Habromys ixtlani | Ixtlán deermouse | ratón de arbóreo de Ixtlán |
Habromys lepturus | Zempoaltepec deermouse | ratón de arbóreo de Zempoaltepec |
Habromys lophurus | Crested-tailed deermouse | ratón de arbóreo de cola crestada |
Habromys schmidlyi | Schmidlyi crested-tailed mouse | ratón de arbóreo de Guerrero |
Habromys simulatus | Jico deermouse | ratón de arbóreo Sierra Madre Oriental |
Handleyomys alfaroi | Alfaro’s rice rat | ratón de agua tropical |
Handleyomys chapmani | Chapman’s rice rat | ratón de agua de la Sierra Madre Oriental |
Handleyomys guerrerensis | Guerrero rice rat | ratón de agua de Guerrero |
Handleyomys melanotis | Black-eared rice rat | ratón de agua de orejas negras |
Handleyomys rhabdops | Highland rice rat | ratón de agua de las tierras altas |
Handleyomys rostratus | Long-nosed rice rat | ratón de agua de nariz larga |
Handleyomys saturatior | Cloud forest rice rat | ratón de agua del bosque de niebla |
Hodomys alleni | Allen’s woodrat | rata de campo del occidente |
Lemmiscus curtatus | Sagebrush vole | chincolo de las artemisas |
Lemmus trimucronatus | Nearctic brown lemming | leming pardo |
Megadontomys cryophilus | Oaxacan big-toothed deermouse | ratón gigante de Oaxaca |
Megadontomys nelsoni | Nelson’s big-toothed deermouse | ratón gigante de Veracruz |
Megadontomys thomasi | Thomas’ big-toothed deermouse | ratón gigante de Guerrero |
Microtus abbreviatus | Insular vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de la Isla San Mateo |
Microtus breweri | Beach vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de la Isla Muskeget |
Microtus californicus | California vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de California |
Microtus canicaudus | Gray-tailed vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de cola gris |
Microtus chrotorrhinus | Rock vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de las rocas |
Microtus guatemalensis | Guatemalan vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de Guatemala |
Microtus longicaudus | Long-tailed vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de cola larga |
Microtus mexicanus | Mexican vole | ratón colicorto/metorito mexicano común |
Microtus miurus | Singing vole | ratón colicorto/metorito del Yukon |
Microtus mogollonensis | Mogollon Vole | ratón colicorto/metorito Mogollón |
Microtus montanus | Montane vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de las montañas |
Microtus oaxacensis | Tarabundí vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de Oaxaca |
Microtus ochrogaster | Prairie vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de las praderas |
Microtus oeconomus | Tundra vole | ratón colicorto/metorito nórdico |
Microtus oregoni | Creeping vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de Oregon |
Microtus pennsylvanicus | Meadow vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de los pastizales |
Microtus pinetorum | Woodland vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de los bosques |
Microtus quasiater | Jalapan vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de Jalapa |
Microtus richardsoni | North American water vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de agua |
Microtus townsendii | Townsend’s vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de la costa noroeste |
Microtus umbrosus | Zempoaltépec vole | ratón colicorto/metorito del cerro Zempoaltepec |
Microtus xanthognathus | Taiga vole | ratón colicorto/metorito de la taiga |
Myodes californicus | Western red-backed vole | chincolo de lomo rojo del oeste |
Myodes gapperi | Southern red-backed vole | chincolo de lomo rojo del sur |
Myodes rutilus | Northern red-backed vole | chincolo de lomo rojo del norte |
Nelsonia goldmani | Goldman’s diminutive woodrat | rata enana michoacana |
Nelsonia neotomodon | Western diminutive woodrat | rata enana del oeste |
Neofiber alleni | Round-tailed muskrat | rata almizclera de cola redonda |
Neotoma albigula | White-throated woodrat | rata de campo de garganta blanca/rata nopalera |
Neotoma angustapalata | Tamaulipan woodrat | rata de campo de Tamaulipeca |
Neotoma bryanti | Bryant’s woodrat | rata de campo de Baja California |
Neotoma cinerea | Bushy-tailed woodrat | rata de campo de cola peluda |
Neotoma devia | Arizona woodrat | rata de campo de Arizona |
Neotoma ferruginea | Guatemala woodrat | rata de campo de Guatemala |
Neotoma floridana | Eastern woodrat | rata de campo del este |
Neotoma fuscipes | Dusky-footed woodrat | rata de campo de patas negras |
Neotoma goldmani | Goldman’s woodrat | rata de campo del altiplano |
Neotoma insularis | Ángel de la Guarda island woodrat | rata de campo de Isla Ángel de la Guarda |
Neotoma lepida | Desert woodrat | rata de campo del desierto |
Neotoma leucodon | White-toothed woodrat | rata de campo de las planicies |
Neotoma macrotis | Big-eared woodrat | rata de campo de orejas grandes |
Neotoma magister | Allegheny woodrat | rata de campo de los Apalaches |
Neotoma melanura | Dark woodrat | rata de campo negruzca |
Neotoma mexicana | Mexican woodrat | rata magueyera mexicana |
Neotoma micropus | Southern plains woodrat | rata de campo de las planicies del sur |
Neotoma nelsoni | Nelson’s woodrat | rata de campo de Perote |
Neotoma palatina | Bolaños woodrat | rata de campo de Jalisco |
Neotoma phenax | Sonoran woodrat | rata de campo de Sonora |
Neotoma picta | Tehuantepec woodrat | rata magueyera del Istmo de Tehuantepec |
Neotoma stephensi | Stephen’s woodrat | rata de campo de Arizona |
Neotomodon alstoni | Volcano deermouse | ratón de los volcanes |
Nyctomys sumichrasti | Sumichrast’s vesper rat | rata del amanecer |
Ochrotomys nuttalli | Golden mouse | ratón dorado |
Oligoryzomys fulvescens | Fulvous colilargo | ratón de agua pigmeo |
Ondatra zibethicus | Common muskrat | rata almizclera común |
Onychomys arenicola | Chihuahuan grasshopper mouse | ratón chapulinero/hediondo/silvador de Chihuahua |
Onychomys leucogaster | Northern grasshopper mouse | ratón chapulinero/hediondo/silvador del norte |
Onychomys torridus | Southern grasshopper mouse | ratón chapulinero/hediondo/silvador del sur |
Oryzomys couesi | Coues’s rice rat | rata arrocera del Golfo |
Oryzomys albiventer | White-bellied rice rat | rata arrocera de vientre blanco |
Oryzomys nelsoni | Nelson’s rice rat | rata arrocera de las islas Tres Marías |
Oryzomys palustris | Marsh rice rat | rata arrocera de los pantanos |
Oryzomys peninsulae | Lower California rice rat | rata arrocera de Baja California |
Oryzomys texensis | Texas rice rat | rata arrocera de Texas |
Osgoodomys banderanus | Michoacan deer mouse | rata de Michoacán |
Otonyctomys hatti | Yucatán vesper rat | rata arborícola de orejas grandes de Yucatán |
Ototylomys phyllotis | Big-eared climbing rat | rata arborícola de orejas grandes |
Ototylomys chiapensis | Chiapas big-eared climbing rat | rata arborícolade orejas grandes de Chiapas |
Peromyscus attwateri | Texas deermouse | ratón de Texas |
Peromyscus avius | Cerralvo island deermouse | ratón de isla Cerralvo |
Peromyscus aztecus | Aztec deermouse | ratón azteca |
Peromyscus beatae | Orizaba deermouse | ratón de Orizaba |
Peromyscus boylii | Brush deermouse | ratón de los matorrales |
Peromyscus bullatus | Perote deermouse | ratón de Perote |
Peromyscus californicus | California deermouse | ratón de California |
Peromyscus caniceps | Monserrat Island deermouse | ratón de la Isla Montserrat |
Peromyscus carletoni | Carleton’s deermouse | ratón de Nayarit |
Peromyscus crinitus | Canyon deermouse | ratón de las cañadas |
Peromyscus dickeyi | Dickey’s deermouse | ratón de la Isla Tortuga |
Peromyscus difficilis | Southern rock deermouse | ratón de las rocas del sur |
Peromyscus eremicus | Cactus deermouse | ratón de los catus |
Peromyscus eva | Southern baja deermouse | ratón de Baja California |
Peromyscus fraterculus | Northern baja deermouse | ratón de las Californias |
Peromyscus furvus | Blackish deermouse | ratón negruzco |
Peromyscus gossypinus | Cotton deermouse | ratón del algodón |
Peromyscus gratus | Saxicoline deermouse | ratón piñonero mexicano |
Peromyscus guardia | La Guarda deermouse | ratón de la isla Ángel de la Guarda |
Peromyscus guatemalensis | Guatemalan deermouse | ratón de Guatemala |
Peromyscus gymnotis | Naked-eared deermouse | ratón de orejas desnudas |
Peromyscus hooperi | Hooper’s deermouse | ratón de Coahuila |
Peromyscus hylocetes | Transvolcanic deermouse | ratón del Eje Volcánico |
Peromyscus interparietalis | San Lorenzo deermouse | ratón de Isla San Lorenzo |
Peromyscus keeni | Northwestern deermouse | ratón del Noroeste |
Peromyscus laceianus | Northern white-ankled deermouse | ratón de ancas blancas norteño |
Peromyscus latirostris | Northern blackish deer mouse | ratón negruzco del norte |
Peromyscus leucopus | White-footed deermouse | ratón de patas blancas |
Peromyscus levipes | Nimble-footed deermouse | ratón de patas agiles |
Peromyscus madrensis | Tres Marías Island deermouse | ratón de Isla Tres Marías |
Peromyscus maniculatus | North american deermouse | ratón norteamericano/ratón de campo común |
Peromyscus megalops | Broad-faced deermouse | ratón de rostro ancho |
Peromyscus mekisturus | Puebla deermouse | ratón de Puebla |
Peromyscus melanocarpus | Black-wristed deermouse | ratón de patas negras |
Peromyscus melanophrys | Plateau deermouse | ratón del altiplano |
Peromyscus melanotis | Black-eared deermouse | ratón de orejas negras |
Peromyscus melanurus | Black-tailed deermouse | ratón de cola negra |
Peromyscus merriami | Mesquite deermouse | ratón de los mezquites |
Peromyscus mexicanus | Mexican deermouse | ratón mexicano |
Peromyscus nasutus | Northern rock deermouse | ratón de las rocas del norte |
Peromyscus ochraventer | Brown belly deermouse | ratón de vientre café |
Peromyscus pectoralis | White-ankled deermouse | ratón de ancas blancas |
Peromyscus pembertoni | Pemberton’s deermouse | ratón de la Isla San Pedro Nolasco |
Peromyscus perfulvus | Tawny deermouse | ratón leonado |
Peromyscus polionotus | Oldfield deermouse | ratón del sureste |
Peromyscus polius | Chihuahuan deermouse | ratón del Desierto Chihuahuense |
Peromyscus pseudocrinitus | Coronados deermouse | ratón de Isla Coronados |
Peromyscus sagax | Michoacán deermouse | ratón de Michoacán |
Peromyscus schmidlyi | Schmidly’s deer mouse | ratón de la Sierra Madre Occidental |
Peromyscus sejugis | Santa Cruz deermouse | ratón de Isla Santa Cruz |
Peromyscus simulus | Sinaloan deermouse | ratón de Sinaloa |
Peromyscus slevini | Catalina deermouse | ratón de la Isla Catalina |
Peromyscus spicilegus | Gleaning deermouse | ratón espiguero |
Peromyscus stephani | San esteban deermouse | ratón de Isla San Esteban |
Peromyscus truei | Pinyon deermouse | ratón piñonero del norte |
Peromyscus winkelmanni | Coalcomán deermouse | ratón de Coalcomán |
Peromyscus yucatanicus | Yucatán deermouse | ratón de Yucatán |
Peromyscus zarhynchus | Chiapan deermouse | ratón de Chiapas |
Phenacomys intermedius | Western heather vole | campañol del oeste |
Phenacomys ungava | Eastern heather vole | campañol del este |
Podomys floridanus | Florida deermouse | ratón de Florida |
Reithrodontomys bakeri | Baker’s harvest mouse | ratón cosechero guerrerense |
Reithrodontomys burti | Sonoran harvest mouse | ratón cosechero sonorense |
Reithrodontomys chrysopsis | Volcano harvest mouse | ratón cosechero de los volcanes |
Reithrodontomys fulvescens | Fulvous harvest mouse | ratón cosechero leonado |
Reithrodontomys gracilis | Slender harvest mouse | ratón cosechero esbelto |
Reithrodontomys hirsutus | Hairy harvest mouse | ratón cosechero peludo |
Reithrodontomys humulis | Eastern harvest mouse | ratón cosechero del este |
Reithrodontomys megalotis | Western harvest mouse | ratón cosechero común |
Reithrodontomys mexicanus | Mexican harvest mouse | ratón cosechero mexicano |
Reithrodontomys microdon | Small-toothed harvest mouse | ratón cosechero de dientes pequeños |
Reithrodontomys montanus | Plains harvest mouse | ratón cosechero de las planicies |
Reithrodontomys raviventris | Salt-marsh harvest mouse | ratón cosechero de la Bahía de San Francisco |
Reithrodontomys spectabilis | Cozumel harvest mouse | ratón cosechero de Isla Cozumel |
Reithrodontomys sumichrasti | Sumichrast’s harvest mouse | ratón cosechero de montaña |
Reithrodontomys tenuirostris | Narrow-nosed harvest mouse | ratón cosechero de Guatemala |
Reithrodontomys zacatecae | Zacatecan harvest mouse | ratón cosechero de Zacatecas |
Rheomys mexicanus | Mexican water mouse | ratita nadadora mexicana |
Rheomys thomasi | Thomas water mouse | ratita nadadora de Chiapas |
Scotinomys teguina | Short-tailed singing mouse | ratón pígmeo negro |
Sigmodon alleni | Allen’s cotton rat | rata matorralera del occidente |
Sigmodon arizonae | Arizona cotton rat | rata matorralera de Arizona |
Sigmodon fulviventer | Tawny-bellied cotton rat | rata matorralera de vientre amarillo |
Sigmodon hispidus | Hispid cotton rat | rata cañera espinosa |
Sigmodon leucotis | White-eared cotton rat | rata matorralera orejas blancas |
Sigmodon mascotensis | West mexican cotton rat | rata cañera del oeste |
Sigmodon ochrognathus | Yellow-nosed cotton rat | rata matorralera rostro amarillo |
Sigmodon planifrons | Miahuatlán cotton rat | rata matorralera de Miahuatlán |
Sigmodon toltecus | Toltec cotton rat | rata cañera del Golfo |
Sigmodon zanjonensis | Montane cotton rat | rata matorralera de las montañas |
Synaptomys borealis | Northern bog lemming | leming de pantano del norte |
Synaptomys cooperi | Southern bog lemming | leming de pantano del sur |
Tylomys bullaris | Chiapan climbing rat | rata de árbol de Chiapas |
Tylomys nudicaudus | Peters’s climbing rat | rata de árbol común |
Tylomys tumbalensis | Tumbalá climbing rat | rata de árbol de Tumbalá |
Xenomys nelsoni | Magdalena woodrat | rata de Magdalena |
Cuniculidae | ||
Cuniculus paca | Lowland paca | tepezcuintle/agutí manchado/cuautuza |
Dasyproctidae | ||
Dasyprocta mexicana | Mexican agouti | agutí negro/guaqueque negro/serete |
Dasyprocta punctata | Central american agouti | agutí centroamericano /guaqueque centroamericano |
Erethizontidae | ||
Erethizon dorsatum | North american porcupine | puercoespín norteamericano |
Coendou mexicanus | Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine | puercoespín tropical/vistlacuache |
Geomyidae | ||
Cratogeomys castanops | Yellow-faced pocket gopher | tuza cara amarilla |
Cratogeomys fulvescens | Oriental Basin pocket gopher | gran tuza de la Cuenca de Oriental |
Cratogeomys fumosus | Smoky pocket gopher | gran tuza del centro de México |
Cratogeomys goldmani | Goldman’s pocket gopher | tuza del altiplano |
Cratogeomys merriami | Merriam’s pocket gopher | gran tuza del Valle de México |
Cratogeomys perotensis | Perote pocket gopher | gran tuza de Perote |
Cratogeomys planiceps | Volcán de Toluca pocket gopher | gran tuza del Nevado de Toluca |
Heterogeomys hispidus | Hispid pocket gopher | tuza gigante trópical |
Heterogeomys lanius | Big pocket gopher | tuza gigante Veracruzana |
Geomys arenarius | Desert pocket gopher | tuza del desierto |
Geomys attwateri | Attwater’s pocket gopher | tuza de Corpus Christe |
Geomys breviceps | Baird’s pocket gopher | tuza texana del este |
Geomys bursarius | Plains pocket gopher | tuza de las planicies |
Geomys jugossicularis | Hall´s pocket gopher | tuza de las planicies centrales |
Geomys knoxjonesi | Knox jones’s pocket gopher | tuza texana del oeste |
Geomys lutescens | Sand Hills pocket gopher | tuza arenera |
Geomys personatus | Texas pocket gopher | tuza texana del sur |
Geomys pinetis | Southeastern pocket gopher | tuza del sureste |
Geomys streckeri | Strecker’s pocket gopher | tuza texana del Carrizo |
Geomys texensis | Central texas pocket gopher | tuza del centro de Texas |
Geomys tropicalis | Tropical pocket gopher | tuza tropical |
Orthogeomys grandis | Giant pocket gopher | tuza gigante del pácifico |
Pappogeomys bulleri | Buller’s pocket gopher | tuza jalisiense |
Thomomys bottae | Botta’s pocket gopher | tuza del norte |
Thomomys atrovarius | Black-and-brown pocket gopher | tuza de Sinaloa |
Thomomys bulbivorus | Camas pocket gopher | tuza del Valle de Camas |
Thomomys clusius | Wyoming pocket gopher | tuza de Wyoming |
Thomomys fulvus | Fulvus pocket gopher | tuza del suroeste |
Thomomys idahoensis | Idaho pocket gopher | tuza de Idaho |
Thomomys mazama | Western pocket gopher | tuza del oeste |
Thomomys monticola | Mountain pocket gopher | tuza de las montañas |
Thomomys nayarensis | Nayarit pocket gopher | tuza del Nayar |
Thomomys nigricans | Baja California pocket gopher | tuza de Baja California |
Thomomys sheldoni | Sierra Madre Occidental pocket gopher | tuza de pequeña de la Sierra Madre Occidental |
Thomomys talpoides | Northern pocket gopher | tuza del norte |
Thomomys townsendii | Townsend’s pocket gopher | tuza de las montañas del oeste |
Thomomys umbrinus | Southern pocket gopher | tuza mexicana |
Zygogeomys trichopus | Michoacan pocket gopher | tuza michoacana |
Heteromyidae | ||
Chaetodipus ammophilus | Dalquest’s pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas del Sur de Baja California |
Chaetodipus arenarius | Little desert pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas abazones de Baja California |
Chaetodipus artus | Narrow-skulled pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas de cara delgada |
Chaetodipus baileyi | Bailey’s pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas gigante |
Chaetodipus californicus | California pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas de California |
Chaetodipus eremicus | Chihuahuan pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas Chihuahuense |
Chaetodipus fallax | San diego pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas San Diego |
Chaetodipus formosus | Long-tailed pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas de cola larga |
Chaetodipus goldmani | Goldman’s pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas Sonorense |
Chaetodipus hispidus | Hispid pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas de los pastizales |
Chaetodipus intermedius | Rock pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas de las rocas |
Chaetodipus lineatus | Lined pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas Potosino |
Chaetodipus nelsoni | Nelson’s pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas del altiplano |
Chaetodipus penicillatus | Desert pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas del desierto |
Chaetodipus pernix | Sinaloan pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas de Sinaloa |
Chaetodipus rudinoris | Baja california pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas de Baja California |
Chaetodipus siccus | Cerralvo island pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas de Isla Cerralvo |
Chaetodipus spinatus | Spiny pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas espinoso |
Dipodomys agilis | Agile kangaroo rat | rata canguro del Sur de California |
Dipodomys californicus | California kangaroo rat | rata canguro de California |
Dipodomys compactus | Gulf coast kangaroo rat | rata canguro de la costa del Golfo |
Dipodomys deserti | Desert kangaroo rat | rata canguro del desierto |
Dipodomys elator | Texas kangaroo rat | rata canguro de Texas |
Dipodomys gravipes | San Quintin kangaroo rat | rata canguro de San Quintín |
Dipodomys heermanni | Heermann’s Kangaroo Rat | rata canguro de la Bahía el Morro |
Dipodomys ingens | Giant kangaroo rat | rata canguro gigante |
Dipodomys merriami | Merriam’s kangaroo rat | rata canguro mexicana |
Dipodomys microps | Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat | rata canguro con incisivos de cincel |
Dipodomys nelsoni | Nelson’s kangaroo rat | rata canguro del altiplano norte |
Dipodomys nitratoides | San Joaquin valley kangaroo rat | rata canguro del Valle de San Joaquín |
Dipodomys ordii | Ord’s kangaroo rat | rata canguro común |
Dipodomys ornatus | Plateau kangaroo rat | rata canguro coliblanca del norte |
Dipodomys panamintinus | Panamint kangaroo rat | rata canguro del Valle de Panamint |
Dipodomys phillipsii | Phillips’s kangaroo rat | rata canguro coliblanca del sur |
Dipodomys simulans | Dulzura kangaroo rat | rata canguro de Baja California |
Dipodomys spectabilis | Banner-tailed kangaroo rat | rata canguro de cola blanca |
Dipodomys stephensi | Stephens’ kangaroo rat | rata canguro del Valle Moreno |
Dipodomys venustus | Narrow-faced kangaroo rat | rata canguro de rostro angosto |
Heteromys desmarestianus | Desmarest’s spiny pocket mouse | ratón espinoso trópical |
Heteromys gaumeri | Gaumer’s spiny pocket mouse | rata de bolsas espinosa de Yucatán |
Heteromys goldmani | Goldmani’s spiny pocket mouse | rata de bolsas espinosa de las tierras altas de Chiapas |
Heteromys nelsoni | Nelson’s spiny pocket mouse | rata de bolsas espinosa del sur Chiapas |
Heteromys irroratus | Mexican spiny pocket mouse | rata de bolsas espinosa mexicano |
Heteromys pictus | Painted spiny pocket mouse | rata de bolsas espinosa pintado |
Heteromys salvini | Salvin’s spiny pocket mouse | rata de bolsas espinosa de Centroamerica |
Heteromys spectabilis | Jaliscan spiny pocket mouse | rata de bolsas espinosa de Jalisco |
Microdipodops megacephalus | Dark kangaroo mouse | ratón canguro oscuro |
Microdipodops pallidus | Pale kangaroo mouse | ratón canguro pálido |
Perognathus alticolus | White-eared pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas de orejas blancas |
Perognathus amplus | Arizona pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas de Arizona |
Perognathus fasciatus | Olive-backed pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas verdoso |
Perognathus flavescens | Plains pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas de las planicies |
Perognathus flavus | Silky pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas sedoso |
Perognathus inornatus | San joaquin pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas del Valle de San Joaquín |
Perognathus longimembris | Little pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas minúsculo |
Perognathus merriami | Merriam’s pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas del este |
Perognathus parvus | Great basin pocket mouse | ratón de bolsas de la Great Basin |
Sciuridae | ||
Ammospermophilus harrisii | Harris’s antelope squirrel | ardilla listada Sonorense |
Ammospermophilus interpres | Texas antelope squirrel | ardilla listada Texana |
Ammospermophilus leucurus | White-tailed antelope squirrel | juancito/ardilla listada coliblanca |
Ammospermophilus nelsoni | Nelson’s antelope squirrel | ardilla listada del Valle de San Joaquin |
Callospermophilus lateralis | Golden-mantled ground squirrel | ardilla de montaña dorada |
Callospermophilus madrensis | Sierra Madre ground squirrel | ardilla de montaña de la Sierra Madre |
Callospermophilus saturatus | Cascade ground squirrel | ardilla de montaña dorada |
Cynomys gunnisoni | Gunnison’s prairie dog | perrito de las praderas de la planicie de Colorado |
Cynomys leucurus | White-tailed prairie dog | perrito de las praderas coliblanca |
Cynomys ludovicianus | Black-tailed prairie dog | perrito de las praderas colinegra |
Cynomys mexicanus | Mexican prairie dog | perrito de las praderas mexicano |
Cynomys parvidens | Utah prairie dog | perrito de las praderas de Utah |
Glaucomys sabrinus | Northern flying squirrel | ardilla voladora del norte |
Glaucomys volans | Southern flying squirrel | ardilla voladora del sur |
Ictidomys mexicanus | Mexican ground squirrel | motocle/ardilla manchada mexicana |
Ictidomys parvidens | Texas ground squirrel | ardilla manchada texana |
Ictidomys tridecemlineatus | Thirteen-lined ground squirrel | ardilla manchada de trecelíneas |
Marmota broweri | Alaska marmot | marmota de Alaska |
Marmota caligata | Hoary marmot | marmota canosa |
Marmota flaviventris | Yellow-bellied marmot | marmota de vientre amarillo |
Marmota monax | Woodchuck | marmota americana |
Marmota olympus | Olympic marmot | marmota de la península de Olimpia |
Marmota vancouverensis | Vancouver island marmot | marmota de Isla Vancouver |
Notocitellus adocetus | Tropical ground squirrel | cuinique, juancito del balsas |
Notocitellus annulatus | Ring-tailed ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra cola anillada |
Otospermophilus beecheyi | California ground squirrel | ardillón de California |
Otospermophilus douglasii | Douglas ground squirrel | ardillón de California del norte |
Otospermophilus variegatus | Rock squirrel | ardillón común |
Poliocitellus franklinii | Franklin’s ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra gris |
Sciurus aberti | Abert’s squirrel | ardilla orejas peludas |
Sciurus alleni | Allen’s squirrel | ardilla de la Sierra Madre Oriental |
Sciurus arizonensis | Arizona gray squirrel | ardilla de Arizona |
Sciurus aureogaster | Red-bellied squirrel | ardilla de vientre rojo/ardilla gris mexicana |
Sciurus carolinensis | Eastern gray squirrel | ardilla gris del este |
Sciurus colliaei | Collie’s squirrel | ardilla de la Sierra Madre Occidental |
Sciurus deppei | Deppe’s squirrel | ardilla tropical |
Sciurus griseus | Western gray squirrel | ardilla gris del oeste |
Sciurus nayaritensis | Mexican fox squirrel | ardilla de Nayarit |
Sciurus niger | Eastern fox squirrel | ardilla zorra del este |
Sciurus oculatus | Peters’s squirrel | ardilla mexicana |
Sciurus variegatoides | Variegated squirrel | ardilla Centroamérica |
Sciurus yucatanensis | Yucatan squirrel | ardilla Yucateca |
Tamias alpinus | Alpine chipmunk | chichimoco alpino |
Tamias amoenus | Yellow-pine chipmunk | chichimoco del pino ponderosa |
Tamias bulleri | Buller’s chipmunk | chichimoco de Zacatecas |
Tamias canipes | Gray-footed chipmunk | chichimoco de patas grises |
Tamias cinereicollis | Gray-collared chipmunk | chichimoco de collar gris |
Tamias dorsalis | Cliff chipmunk | chichimoco de los acantilados |
Tamias durangae | Durango chipmunk | chichimoco de Durango |
Tamias merriami | Merriam’s chipmunk | chichimoco del sur de California |
Tamias minimus | Least chipmunk | chichimoco pigmeo |
Tamias obscurus | California chipmunk | chichimoco de California |
Tamias ochrogenys | Yellow-cheeked chipmunk | chichimoco de cachetes amarillos |
Tamias palmeri | Palmer’s chipmunk | chichimoco de las Montañas Spring |
Tamias panamintinus | Panamint chipmunk | chichimoco del Valle Panamint |
Tamias quadrimaculatus | Long-eared chipmunk | chichimoco de orejas grandes |
Tamias quadrivittatus | Colorado chipmunk | chichimoco de Colorado |
Tamias ruficaudus | Red-tailed chipmunk | chichimoco de cola roja |
Tamias rufus | Hopi chipmunk | chichimoco de los Hopi |
Tamias senex | Allen’s chipmunk | chichimoco de la Sierra Nevada |
Tamias siskiyou | Siskiyou chipmunk | chichimoco de las montañas Siskiyou |
Tamias solivagus | Howell’s chipmunks | chichimoco de Coahuila |
Tamias sonomae | Sonoma chipmunk | chichimoco de Sonoma |
Tamias speciosus | Lodgepole chipmunk | chichimoco del pino |
Tamias striatus | Eastern chipmunk | chichimoco de este |
Tamias townsendii | Townsend’s chipmunk | chichimoco del noroeste |
Tamias umbrinus | Uinta chipmunk | chichimoco común |
Tamiasciurus douglasii | Douglas’ squirrel | ardilla de la costa oeste |
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus | Red squirrel | ardilla roja |
Tamiasciurus mearnsi | Mearns’s squirrel | ardilla de San Pedro Mártir |
Urocitellus armatus | Uinta ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra de las montañas Uinta |
Urocitellus beldingi | Belding’s ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra del oeste |
Urocitellus brunneus | Idaho ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra de Idaho |
Urocitellus canus | Merriam’s ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra canosa |
Urocitellus columbianus | Columbian ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra de la Columbia Británica |
Urocitellus elegans | Wyoming ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra de Wyoming |
Urocitellus mollis | Piute ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra del pueblo Piute |
Urocitellus parryii | Arctic ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra del ártico |
Urocitellus richardsonii | Richardson’s ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra de las praderas |
Urocitellus townsendii | Townsend’s ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra de las planicies |
Urocitellus washingtoni | Washington ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra de Washington |
Xerospermophilus mohavensis | Mohave ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra de desierto de Mohave |
Xerospermophilus perotensis | Perote ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra de Perote |
Xerospermophilus spilosoma | Spotted ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra manchada, juancito manchado |
Xerospermophilus tereticaudus | Round-tailed ground squirrel | ardilla de tierra cola redonda |
Zapodidae | ||
Napaeozapus insignis | Woodland jumping mouse | ratón saltarín de los boques |
Zapus hudsonius | Meadow jumping mouse | ratón saltarín de las praderas |
Zapus princeps | Western jumping mouse | ratón saltarín del oeste |
Zapus trinotatus | Pacific jumping mouse | ratón saltarín del Pacífico |
Sirenia | ||
Trichechidae | ||
Trichechus manatus | West indian manatee | manatí/vaca marina |
Soricomorpha | ||
Soricidae | ||
Blarina brevicauda | Northern short-tailed shrew | musaraña colicorta del norte |
Blarina carolinensis | Southern short-tailed shrew | musaraña colicorta del sur |
Blarina hylophaga | Elliot’s short-tailed shrew | musaraña colicorta de las planicies |
Blarina peninsulae | Eeverglades short-tailed shrew | musaraña colicorta de Florida |
Cryptotis alticola | Central mexican broad-clawed shrew | musaraña tropical de montaña |
Cryptotis goldmani | Goldman’s broad-clawed shrew | musaraña tropical de la Sierra Madre del Sur |
Cryptotis goodwini | Goodwin’s broad-clawed shrew | musaraña tropical de Chiapas |
Cryptotis griseoventris | Guatemalan broad-clawed shrew | musaraña tropical de Guatemala |
Cryptotis lacandonensis | Lacandona small-eared shrew | musaraña tropical de la Lacandona |
Cryptotis magnus | Big mexican small-eared shrew | musaraña tropical gigante |
Cryptotis mayensis | Yucatan small-eared shrew | musaraña tropical Maya |
Cryptotis merriami | Merriam’s small-eared shrew | musaraña tropical de tierras altas |
Cryptotis mexicanus | Mexican small-eared shrew | musaraña tropical mexicana |
Cryptotis nelsoni | Nelson’s small-eared shrew | musaraña tropical de Catemaco |
Cryptotis obscurus | Grizzled mexican small-eared shrew | musaraña tropical de Hidalgo |
Cryptotis parvus | North american least shrew | musaraña tropical de Norte América |
Cryptotis peregrina | Oaxacan broad-clawed shrew | musaraña tropical de Oaxaca |
Cryptotis phillipsii | Phillips’ small-eared shrew | musaraña tropical la sierra sur de Oaxaca |
Cryptotis tropicalis | Tropical small-eared shrew | musaraña de tropical |
Megasorex gigas | Mexican shrew | musaraña gigante |
Notiosorex cockrumi | Cockrum’s gray shrew | musaraña del desierto de Arizona |
Notiosorex crawfordi | Crawford’s gray shrew | musaraña del desierto común |
Notiosorex evotis | Large-eared gray shrew | musaraña del desierto del Pacífico |
Notiosorex villai | Villa’s gray shrew | musaraña del desierto de Tamaulipas |
Sorex alaskanus | Glacier bay water shrew | musaraña de Alaska |
Sorex albibarbis | Eastern water shrew | musaraña de agua del este |
Sorex arcticus | Arctic shrew | musaraña del Ártico |
Sorex arizonae | Arizona shrew | musaraña de Arizona |
Sorex bairdii | Baird’s shrew | musaraña de Oregón |
Sorex bendirii | Marsh shrew | musaraña del pantano |
Sorex cinereus | Cinereus shrew | musaraña canosa |
Sorex dispar | Long-tailed shrew | musaraña de las Appalachian Mountains |
Sorex emarginatus | Zacatecas shrew | musaraña de Zacatecas |
Sorex fumeus | Smoky shrew | musaraña de las Smoky Mountains |
Sorex gaspensis | Gaspé shrew | musaraña de Canadá |
Sorex haydeni | Prairie shrew | musaraña de las praderas |
Sorex hoyi | American pygmy shrew | musaraña pigmea americana |
Sorex ixtlanensis | Ixtlan shrew | musaraña de la Sierra Madre del Sur |
Sorex jacksoni | St. Lawrence island shrew | musaraña de la isla San Lawrence |
Sorex longirostris | Southeastern shrew | musaraña del suroeste |
Sorex lyelli | Mt. Lyell shrew | musaraña de la Sierra Nevada |
Sorex macrodon | Large-toothed shrew | musaraña de dientes grandes |
Sorex maritimensis | Maritime shrew | musaraña de Nueva Escocia |
Sorex mediopua | Jalisco shrew | musaraña de Jalisco |
Sorex merriami | Merriam’s shrew | musaraña del Great Basin |
Sorex milleri | Carmen mountain shrew | musaraña de Sierra del Carmen |
Sorex minutissimus | Eurasian least shrew | musaraña euroasiática |
Sorex monticola | Dusky shrew | musaraña oscura |
Sorex nanus | Dwarf shrew | musaraña enana |
Sorex navigator | Western water shrew | musaraña de agua del oeste |
Sorex neomexicanus | New Mexico shrew | musaraña de Nuevo México |
Sorex oreopolus | Mexican long-tailed shrew | musaraña mexicana |
Sorex orizabae | Orizaba long-tailed shrew | musaraña de Orizaba |
Sorex ornatus | Ornate shrew | musaraña de las californias |
Sorex pacificus | Pacific shrew | musaraña del Pacífico |
Sorex palustris | American water shrew | musaraña de agua americana |
Sorex preblei | Preble’s shrew | musaraña del noroeste |
Sorex pribilofensis | Pribilof island shrew | musaraña de la isla Pribilof |
Sorex rohweri | Olympic shrew | musaraña de la peninsula Olimpia |
Sorex salvini | Salvin’s shrew | musaraña del sureste |
Sorex saussurei | Saussure’s shrew | musaraña común de montaña |
Sorex sclateri | Sclater’s shrew | musaraña selvática |
Sorex sonomae | Fog shrew | musaraña de la niebla |
Sorex stizodon | San Cristobal shrew | musaraña de San Cristóbal de las Casas |
Sorex tenellus | Inyo shrew | musaraña de las montañas Inyo |
Sorex trowbridgii | Trowbridge’s shrew | musaraña de la costa oeste |
Sorex tundrensis | Tundra shrew | musaraña de la tundra |
Sorex ugyunak | Barren ground shrew | musaraña del Ártico |
Sorex vagrans | Vagrant shrew | musaraña común del oeste |
Sorex ventralis | Chestnut-bellied shrew | musaraña de vientre castaño |
Sorex veraecrucis | Veracruz shrew | musaraña de Veracruz |
Sorex veraepacis | Verapaz shrew | musaraña de las tierras altas del sur |
Talpidae | ||
Condylura cristata | Star-nosed mole | topo nariz de estrella |
Neurotrichus gibbsii | Shrew-mole | topo musaraña |
Parascalops breweri | Hairy-tailed mole | topo de cola peluda |
Scapanus anthonyi | Anthony’s mexican mole | topo de San Pedro Mártir/topo de manoplas |
Scalopus aquaticus | Eastern mole | topo de la costa este |
Scapanus latimanus | Broad-footed mole | topo de la costa oeste |
Scapanus orarius | Coast mole | topo de la costa |
Scapanus townsendii | Townsend’s mole | topo de la costa noroeste |
Formulating vernacular names is complicated and involves many discussions. We are aware that these names are subject to changes, may be potentially misleading, and in some cases may be even absurd and ridiculous (see Mones and Mones 1991). However, as we are convinced of the usefulness of vernacular names (see above), we took the task of collecting, rescuing and proposing vernacular names for all the species of mammals of North America (Table 1). However, to the extent possible, we decided to follow the following basic principles to propose vernacular names, which have been partially discussed by Jackson and Groves (2015):
1) We keep the names that are mentioned frequently in publications and/or that are used in many regions by the local people. These apply to the medium-sized and large mammals, such as the jaguarondi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), puma (Puma concolor), spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi), etc. Others should be modified as a result of the recent taxonomic changes, for example, the name mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) to differentiate it from the black howler monkey (Alouatta villosa).
2) Vernacular names must serve as a descriptor of the species; thus, they should be informative and facilitate using the name regardless of the extent of knowledge about the species. Accordingly, names are based on characteristics that provide information to the user; this may be a widely used name, a morphological trait, a distinctive coloration, or refer to the geographical distribution of the species. There are groups of names that refer to geographic location, as in the case of the Zempoaltepec Deer Mouse (Peromyscus melanocarpus), Cozumel Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris), or Michoacan Pocket Gopher (Zygogeomys trichopus); others highlight a unique feature that differentiates a particular species from the rest: Collared Pika (Ochotona collaris), White-toothed Woodrat (Neotoma leucodon), or Black-eared Rice Rat (Handleyomys melanotis).
3) In both English and Spanish, our aim was that the name indicate the relationship between species; hence, the first (in Spanish) or last (in English) part of the name refers to the genus. For example we use “water mouse” or “ratita nadadora” for the genus Rheomys, and “spiny pocket mouse” or “ratón espinoso” for Heteromys. In both cases, we avoided using the same vernacular name for any other genus of rodent. Separately, it was decided to designate the genus Habromys using the name “ratón arborícola” to maintain the relationship between the species in the genus, although not all species are strictly arboreal (Leon-Paniagua et al. 2007).
4) We seek to choose the shortest names possible, although the two prerequisites just mentioned prevented this in some cases. In addition, names are written in singular to make them shorter, as in “Mexican shrew” instead of “Mexican shrews”.
5) The vernacular name should be easy to pronounce, be euphonious and hence easy to remember.
6) Vernacular names are written in lower case, except when these include the name of a geographic place or a proper noun.
7) We avoided using translations of vernacular names in English for the respective names in Spanish, as they do not convey sufficient information in the latter, even within the scientific community itself. Some are derived directly from the scientific name, as in the case of Geoffroy’s Tailless Bat (Anoura geoffroyi), Findley’s Myotis (Myotis findleyi) or Baker’s Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys bakeri); in other cases, we not used the name of the author who described the species, as in Thomas’s Fruit-eating Bat (Dermanura watsoni), Davis’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma evotis) or Baird’s Pocket Gopher (Geomys breviceps). In both cases, most persons are not familiar with the meaning of the name, thus making its use difficult. Adequate translations from English are used in some cases, provided these meet the above criteria; in other cases, completely new names were designed.