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Valenciana

versão impressa ISSN 2007-2538

Valenciana vol.3 no.5 Valenciana Jan./Jun. 2010

https://doi.org/10.15174/rv.v0i5.236 

Artículos

El fundamento y el uso de las clasificaciones científicas: dinámicas desfasadas

María L. Christiansen Renaud1 

1 Universidad de Guanajuato


Resumen

Este artículo plantea de forma sucinta problemas epistemológicos ligados a las prácticas clasificatorias de la psiquiatría y la psicología, al revisar de modo crítico algunas de las premisas del movimiento antipsiquiátrico en su ofensiva contra el modelo naturalista de la psicología médica. En el intento abordar el debate desatado entre realistas y constructivistas en torno a la noción de enfermedad mental y sus derivaciones taxonómicas se expone la tesis propuesta por el filósofo e historiador Ian Hacking bajo la expresión de un bucle de retroalimentación entre los médicos (clasificadores), los pacientes (clasificados) y los sistemas de conocimiento (marcos categoriales). Por último se proyectan las ideas analizadas hacia un enfoque dominante en el terreno de la psicología actual: la psicometría, con el propósito de explorar, en este caso particular, el rendimiento explicativo de las posturas epistemológicas presentadas.

Palabras clave: psiquiatría; antipsiquiatría; clasificación; enfermedad mental; bucle de retroalimentación; psicometría

Abstract

This paper sets out epistemological problems raised by psychological and psychiatric classificatory practices, and it examines critically some premises supported by antipsychiatric movement against the psychiatric naturalism. In order to tackle the heated debate about the Reality / Construction of mental disorders -and its taxonomical implications- the famous Ian Hacking´s thesis about the looping effect derived from classificatory practices is proposed and analyzed. Finally, the exposed ideas are applied to Psychometry, a prevalent tendency at the present psychology. the aim is to evaluate the explanatory fertility of the epistemological positions established in this paper.

Keywords: psychiatry; antipsychiatry; classification; mental illness; looping effect; psychometry

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