Distribution of credits by the UCMPP

Selecting the members without balance and with balance, it was found that 61% of the credits are distributed in urban communities, while 39% in rural communities. The distribution of credits was more oriented to urban communities, leaving a large number of rural communities without access to credit. There are still obstacles that prevent families and producers in rural areas from gaining access to financial services. In this sense, ^{Rajdeep (2008)} points out that there is a belief that granting loans to peasants presupposes a risk because they are not desirable subjects to be granted loans, because they do not have the necessary skills to make the best use of them. the funds loaned.

Human development index (IDH). In 44% of the municipalities in the sample, the IDH increased from 2000 to 2010, measuring the index of life expectancy, education and income; the level of human development is the set of opportunities for people to achieve or carry out actions they consider valuable (^{PNUD, 2016}); therefore, the increase can be due to one of these three factors. So there was a positive change in human development, because they have a long and healthy life, acquired knowledge and enjoy a decent standard of living.

Degree of marginalization (GM). According to ^{CONAPO (2011)}, marginalization is a multidimensional and structural phenomenon, originated in the last instance by the economic production model expressed in the unequal distribution of progress, in the productive structure and in the exclusion of diverse social groups, both in the process as of the benefits of development. They are grouped into five grades: very low, low, medium, high and very high. The 24% of the municipalities in the sample had a positive change (high marginalization on average) from 1990 to 2010, the rest remained stable, in 2010 there are 56% of municipalities in middle marginalization, 15% high, 21% in low and 9% in very low. It was observed that 56% of the population is improving in terms of goods and services that are fundamental for social welfare.

Degree of rurality (GR). The 56% of the municipalities in the sample had a change from urban to rural semi-urban from 2000 to 2010 the rest did not change significantly. On the other hand, according to the OCDE (2010) the 56% of the municipalities in rural semi-urban, 29% in intermediate urban, 12% in dispersed rural and 3% in urban metropolitan. The classification depends on the population fraction: dispersed rural (less than 2 500 inhabitants), semi-urban rural (between 2 500 and 15 000), intermediate urban (between 15 000 and 100 000) and urban or urban metropolitan (more than 100 000) (^{OCDE, 2007}).

Degree of migratory intensity (GIM). The 53% of the municipalities changed from 2000 to 2010; finding that 24% of the municipalities went from very low-low, 9% high-medium, 9% low-medium, 6% medium-high, 3% medium-low and 3% high-low, which reflects a decrease in this index. In 2010, it was 59% low, 32% medium, 6% high and 3% very high. Therefore, by decreasing the migration indicates that there are sources of employment in the municipalities, which improves the income of families and consequently the quality of life. As mentioned by ^{Sobrino (2010)}, among the causes of economic migration are the search for opportunities and better incomes, with the aim of transforming individual or family economic conditions and increasing the standard of living. Likewise, ^{García (2007)} indicates that migration rather than an individual strategy is a familiar alternative to diversify sources of income, face risks, gather resources of different kinds and try to replicate the success stories of other migrants.

On the other hand, carrying out an analysis of the 4 indices described above (IDH, GM, GR, GIM) has 44% of the municipalities where the human development index increased, the degree of marginalization is between 29% on average and 6% in high, in the same way, there are semi-urban rural areas with 26%, scattered rural areas with 9%; the degree of migratory intensity 26% medium and 15% low. As noted, communities do not necessarily have to be urban in order for their IDH to be high; likewise, 56% of the municipalities had an IDH decrease, in which the degree of marginalization in the last year was 26% average and 15% low; 29% in rural semi-urban, 21% in intermediate urban and 44% in low migration (Table 2). Therefore, according to these indexes, the most benefited municipalities with credits were the semi-urban rural areas, with a medium marginalization and low migration.

On the other hand, according to the survey carried out, the following information is obtained:

General data of the interviewees

The average age is 64 years. The 40.7% of the interviewees are in the range of 55 to 65 years. The foregoing indicates that the members of the UCMPP are people with tendencies towards aging; it is therefore advisable to carry out a renewal of the partners, through promotion to more productive age groups, as mentioned by ^{ENA (2014)}, 40.5% of the rural population is 60 years of age or older, so they at risks personal physical and social that temporarily or permanently truncate their capacity or productive possibility. On the other hand, 89.5% are men; therefore, productive activities and resource management continue to be an activity that men perform. However, the role of women in the UCMPP is very important, in the board of directors of 1996-1999 its president was a peasant woman.

The 70.9% have completed the basic (primary) school level therefore, the degree of education is minimal. ^{CONAPO (2011)}, points out that education is a factor in accessing better paid jobs, it is also related to the capacity of workers and this is related to the production of goods and services with higher added value and increased productivity, innovations and economic competitiveness. On the other hand, 29.1% speak indigenous language, being Nahuatl the spoken dialect, which shows that there is a percentage of the population considered indigenous who obtained some credit from the UCMPP. According to the ^{FAO (2011)}, indigenous communities continue to be among the most vulnerable population, suffering high levels of poverty and discrimination and having less access to education, health, land tenure and credit; which is observed in the study area.

Productive activity

The results of the analysis show that 24 years ago, 98.8% of the respondents worked, dedicating themselves mainly with 57% to agriculture, 24.4% workers on their own (people who have their own business), 16.3% in livestock activities, services, employees and workers, the remaining 2.4% is concentrated in other activities. The most outstanding changes are observed in that currently 76.7% work, which indicates that there is a decrease in the labor force. Of the people who work, 58% are engaged in agricultural activity, 23.2% are workers on their own, 14.4% livestock activities, services, employees and workers. So, the main activity is still agriculture, hence its importance as a source of employment.

Credit situation

The 97.7% of the respondents are members of the UCMPP, of which 53.5% have between one and five shares; however, 30.2% do not remember the number of shares. The above, suggests that there is lack of attention and monitoring of partners.

The length of stay indicates that 77.9% were founding members covering the period from 1990 to 1993. The 68.6% mention that they learned about the UCMPP from a friend or acquaintance, 31.4%, through their staff.

The 97.7% of the partners interviewed obtained credit from these 84.9% requested between one to three credits. Of which 88.4% were individually and only 8.1% as a group.

The way in which they received the loan 82.6% indicated that it was in cash, 10.5% in implements and 3.5% in inputs and 3.5% in others. The main destination of the loan was the acquisition or purchase of raw material with 32.6%, followed by the purchase of a vehicle or tractor for work, 31.4% (Table 3).

On the other hand, 89.5% obtained some benefit with the credit, as, for example: increased sales, improved the quality of their products, increased profits, facilitated the use of machinery, cost reduction, started a business, obtained economic resources.

In terms of credit sufficiency, 88.4% mentioned that the credit granted was sufficient, 11.6% mentioned that it was not enough, since it needed more economic resources, but it was the amount that was granted.

In the problems in obtaining the loan, 91.9% said they had no problem. Likewise, 79.1% made the payment of the credit on time; however, 20.9% did not pay within the agreed term, although the borrowers indicated that they were not in the past due portfolio. It is indicating lack of ignorance of the partners on their credit standing, hence the importance of monitoring partners by the UCMPP.

On the other hand, 40.7% of the interviewees indicate that, if the UCMPP had not granted the loan, they would not have resorted to another source of financing because they had not met the requirements requested in most cases. This shows the importance of the UCMPP as a financing option for these producers, since to obtain a credit it is necessary to prove that there is income and demonstrate that there is an acceptable probability that such income will be sustained over time (^{Raphael, 2012}).

Members with credit without balance and with balance

During the period analyzed (1993-2005) it was found that the UCMPP dispersed a total of 4 753 credits, with an amount of $129 973 628.00 pesos in 124 communities, benefiting 1 142 members, as well, in the sample (9 municipalities) a total of 3 709 credits were obtained, with an amount of $103 353 168.00 pesos in 60 communities, granted to 874 members (Table 4).

On the other hand, as shown in Table 5, with respect to the members with outstanding balance to be paid, that is to say in the past due portfolio, there were 321, with a total of 532 credits, with a total capital amount of $16 564 899.00 pesos, with an interest of $7 587 301.00 pesos. The amount of the overdue portfolio represents 13% of the total dispersed in the analysis period this situation reflects the little follow-up that the UCMPP gave to the credits granted. ^{Díaz (2011)} mentions that the process of supervision and follow-up is intentional in order to anticipate incidents in the portfolio, making visits, calls and information requirements to the borrower, to supervise the use of credit -management of business- continuity and solidity in their activities, as well as their roots.

Source: elaborated in 2017.