In Mexico, the plant J. curcas is distributed in 20 states, including the state of Puebla (^{Martínez, 2009}). The jatropha has a variety of uses among which are: the production of biodiesel, as living fences to control erosion, medicinal products, cosmetic products such as soap (^{Oyuela et al., 2012}); however, only in Mexico are edible genotypes noted for their high nutritional value (^{Makkar et al., 1998}); it should be noted that Puebla is one of the states with the greatest potential (mainly in the Mixteca Poblana), as shown by studies conducted by the London based Global Exchange for Social Investment (GEXSI) (^{Renner et al., 2008}).

There are few investigations to reduce chemical fertilizers in jatropha production, so it is important to generate sustainable technology for their production. Regarding biological fertilizers, ^{Ravikumar et al. (2011)}, evaluated inoculating soil several species Azospirillum subsequently jatropha seeds were sown, the results showed that Azospirullum brasilense increase stem length 39.14%, 19.2% root length biomass stem 10.3%, 20% leaf area and 7.8% root biomass.

^{Neyra et al. (2013)}, cultivation of chili, inoculated with 5 ml of a suspension of 108 spores ml^-1 of Trichodema viride, found an increase in length of stem and root ten days after inoculation and increased dry weight of root and stem At 20 days after inoculation.

In research, assessed chemical fertilization (based on nitrogen and phosphorus) and organic fertilization based on mycorrhizae gender Glomus and A. brasilense in J. curcas, they found similar results in both types of fertilization, in assessing: number of branches, number of inflorescences and seed production, which suggest biological fertilization (^{Teniente et al., 2011}).

Several studies have shown excellent results in morphological variables by applying Azospirillum + Trichoderma combination: tomato (^{El-Katany, 2010}), pomegranate (^{Patil et al., 2004}), corn and wheat (^{Fadl-Allah et al., 2012}) and sugar cane (^{Serna et al., 2011}).

Based on the above, the objective of this research was to evaluate bio-fertilizers and chemical hormonal rooting in Jatropha curcas L., in the field.

The research was carried out in the experimental field of the Technological University of Izucar of Matamoros, located to the south of the state of Puebla and geographically in the coordinates 18º 36’ north latitude, and 98º 28’ west longitude, at an altitude near 1 300 m (^{INEGI, 2009}).

In the research were used seeds of a jatropha genotype collected in Huaquechula, Puebla (on average 19 mm in length). The experiment was carried out in June-December 2012. Previously the seeds were germinated in September 2011 and transplanted in black polyethylene bags in a greenhouse, where they remained until the end of April, 212, when they were transplanted in the field. The treatments were applied in early June 2012 (Table 1). Commercial products applied were: Azofer^® (Azospirillum), Tricovel^® (Trichoderma) and Micorrizafer^® (mycorrhiza Glomus genus), and rooting hormonal Rooting^® (based on auxins, cytokinins and phosphorus). A chemical fertilization was applied in early june with 50 g tree of Triple 16^® (16% N, 16%P and 16% K). The experimental unit consisted of four plants with three replicates and a complete random block design was used.

Table 1 Treatments generated from research bio-fertilizers and hormonal rooting in J. curcas of field.  

At the beginning of december 2013, the following variables were evaluated: plant height, number of lateral branches, number of flower clusters, number of clusters with green fruit, number of clusters with mature fruit, number of total clusters (floral, ripe fruit), number of ripe fruit per plant and seed weight per plant (the weight recorded with a Ohaus^® balance of 2610 g ± 0.1 g capacity).

For the statistical analysis was used the statistical package Statistical Analysis System (SAS) for Windows 9. An analysis of variance was performed to establish significance of variables, and were performed comparison tests of means by Tukey (p≤ 0.05).

All the variables evaluated showed significant statistical differences. Variable plant height, with the application of Azospirillum (1 g of Azospirillum plant^-1), the highest plant height were obtained (with 1.78 m) followed by Trichoderma (1 g of Trichoderma planta^-1) and mycorrhiza (2 g of mycorrhiza plant^-1) when forming plants of 1.7 m (Table 2). About ^{Teniente et al. (2011)}, recommend inoculate jatropha plants with mycorrhiza Glomus intraradices and A. brasilense, with a dose of one gram of commercial material per plant in the nursery or transplantation.

Table 2 Effect of biofertilizers and hormonal rooting in morphological variables and performance in J. curcas.  

ALT= altura de planta (m); NRAM= número de ramas laterales; NRF= número de racimos florales; NRFV= número de racimos con fruto verde; NRFM= número de racimos con fruto maduro; NRT= número de racimos totales; NMP= número de frutos maduros por planta; PSP= peso de semilla por planta (g); DMS= diferencia mínima significativa, CV= coeficiente de variación en porcentaje(%). Medias en la misma columna con diferente letra son estadísticamente diferentes (p< 0.05).

The number of lateral branches, rooting Rooting^® (0.5 plant^-1) and Trichoderma (1 g of Trichoderma plant^-1) promoted the highest number of branches with 5.2 and 4.3 branches per plant jatropha, respectively (Table 2). Similarly, ^{Kannan and Kannan (2013)}, in an experiment with bioinoculants, farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers (NPK), found that mixtures containing Azospirillum + Trichoderma + mycorrhiza arbuscular, generated greater number of branches per plant J. curcas (27 to 36 branches).

Regarding number of flower clusters Azospirillum (1 g of Azospirillum plant^-1) and mycorrhiza (2 g of mycorrhiza plant^-1), 8.8 and 8.3 formed flower clusters per plant jatropha (Table 2). These results contrast with those obtained by ^{Teniente (2011)}, using Azospirillum barsilense and mycorrhiza Glomus genus getting 19 flower clusters per plant.

In the number of bunches with green fruits, Trichoderma (1 g of Trichoderma plant^-1) as the rooting Rooting^® (0.5 ml plant^-1) formed the same number of clusters (6.2) followed by mycorrhizal (2 g of mycorrhiza plant^-1) 6 clusters with green fruits (Table 2). Likewise, the rooting hormone Rooting^® as mycorrhizae (2 g of mycorrhiza plant^-1 = Glomus) formed 3.7 and 3.2 with ripe fruit bunches per plant (Table 2). In this sense, ^{Ranjan et al. (2013)}, characterized mycorrhizal strains associated rhizosphere J. curcas, found 15 strains of the mycorrhizae genus Glomus, indicating the compatibility of this strain applied mycorrhiza in jatropha, which is shown in green fruit bunches or mature of the present study.

The number of total clusters, mycorrhiza and Azospirillum produced 17.2 and 16.7 total bunches per plant (Table 2). The application of multifunctional microbial formulation SumaGrow-F2 (14 bacteria and 7 strains of Trichoderma, 1 x 1010 pot^-1) or mixed with chemical fertilizers (NPK 20-20-20), increased the number of ears of corn, the number of sorghum pods and the number of peanuts, as well as increasing the total yield of each of these crops (Janarthanam, 2013). In the present study, the application of mycorrhizae (Glomus) increase the number of flower clusters, the number of bunches of green fruits, number of bunches ripe fruits and the number of total clusters of jatropha, so its application turned out to be very important from the formation of the inflorescence until obtaining the total clusters of this plant.

Regarding plant performance, the rooting hormone Rooting^® (0.5 ml plant^-1) followed by Azospirillum + Trichoderma (1 g plant^-1 (Athos)), 1 g plangt^-1 (Trichoderma) mixture formed 45.8 and 38.7 ripe fruits per plant and the same treatments showed the highest seed weight per jatropha plant with 68.4 and 53.8 g seeds per plant (Table 2).

The analysis results indicated that the application of mycorrhizae (2 g of mycorrhiza plant^-1 = Glomus) increase the height of the plant and from the formation of the inflorescence to the formation of the total clusters. ^{Diaz et al. (2013)} by applying 40 g of mycorrhizae G. intraradices alone or mixed with 1 kg of compost cane increased the number of fruits and seed weight per plant of J. curcas. The Chemical rooting hormonal Rooting^® (0.5 ml plant^-1) was the most active by increasing the number of lateral branches, the number of bunches of green fruit, the number of clusters of ripe fruit, the number of ripe fruits per plant and the Seed weight; while the single application of Azospirillum (1 g Azospirillum plant^-1) increased plant height, number of flower clusters and the number of total clusters, while Trichoderma (1 g Trichoderma plant^-1) increased plant height, the number of clusters with green fruits, as well as the rooting Rooting^® (0.5 ml plant^-1) increased the number of clusters with green fruits and the number of bunches with ripe fruits. But by applying the mixture of Azospirillum + Trichoderma (1 g plant^-1 (Athos)), 1 g plant^-1 (Trichoderma) like the rooting Rooting^® increased the greater number of mature fruits per plant and the greater weight of seed per plant of jatropha. With all this biological fertilization it is a sustainable alternative for the production of jatropha.