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Revista odontológica mexicana
Print version ISSN 1870-199X
Rev. Odont. Mex vol.12 n.3 Ciudad de México Sep. 2008
https://doi.org/10.22201/fo.1870199xp.2008.12.3.15662
Trabajos originales
Electromiografía del aparato de la masticación en niños sanos y portadores de maloclusión clase І у II de Angle
Electromyography of masticatory system in healthy children and children with class I and class II malocclusion
*Especialista de 1er grado en Ortodoncia. Aspirante a Dr. En Ciencias Médicas.
§Especialista de Fisiología Normal y Patológica. Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Clínica. Hospital Docente General V. I. Lenin.
La electromiografía permite el estudio de la actividad eléctrica muscular. En estomatología se utiliza para evaluar el efecto del tratamiento correctivo craneomandibular y la cirugía ortognática sobre las funciones masticatorias o la evolución de las enfermedades con diferentes grados de maloclusión que involucran estructuras orofaciales. Para evaluar el comportamiento electromiográfico de algunos músculos de la masticación en niños de 9 a 12 años, se estudiaron 30 niños sanos y 30 portadores de maloclusión a los que se les realizó electromiografía de los músculos temporal, masetero y orbicular de los labios bilateral durante los movimientos de máxima oclusión, lateralidad, retrusión apertura y desviación de la comisura. Las máximas amplitudes del EMG se obtuvieron en el músculo temporal, en los movimientos de oclusión (480.65 μV), retrusión (356.31 μV) y lateralidad. En el masetero, en oclusión (495.79 μV) y lateralidad y en el orbicular, durante la apertura y la desviación de la comisura. Las variables amplitud media y Upper Centile Amplitude (UCA), muestran valores significativamente menores en los sujetos malocluidos en comparación con los sanos. Se concluye que la actividad muscular de los pacientes con maloclusiones es menor que la de los sanos.
Palabras clave: Electromiografía del aparato masticatorio; maloclusiones; desórdenes craneomandibulares
Electromyography (EMG) allows the study of the electrical muscle activity. In Dentistry it is used to evaluate the effect of craniomandibular corrective treatments and orthognathic surgery in masticatory functions or in the evolution of diseases with different malocclusion grades that involve orofacial structures. In order to determine the electromyographical performance of some masticatory muscles in children of 9 to 12 years old, 30 healthy children and 30 with dental malocclusion were studied; bilateral EMG activity were recordered of Temporal, Masseter and Orbicularis oris muscles during maximal occlusion movements, laterotrusion, retrusion, open of the mouth and corner deviation. The maximal EMG amplitudes were obtained in Temporal muscle during occlusion movements (480.65 μV), retrusion (356.31 μV) and laterotrusion movements. In Masseter muscle maximal amplitudes were obtained in occlusion (495.79 μV) and laterotrusion and in the Orbicularis oris both during mouth opening and corner deviation. The amplitude and Upper Centile Amplitude (UCA) showed lower significai values between healthy children and children with malocclusion. It was concluded that muscular activity of patients with malocclusion is lower than in healthy children.
Key words: Electromyography of masticatory muscles; dental malocclusion; craniomandibular disorders
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