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Revista odontológica mexicana

Print version ISSN 1870-199X

Rev. Odont. Mex vol.11 n.4 Ciudad de México Dec. 2007

 

Trabajos originales

Participación de la interleucina 1β (IL-1β) en periodontitis

Participation of interleucine 1β (IL - 1β) in periodontitis

Laura Estela Castrillón Rivera*  *** 

Susana Aurora Macín Cabrera** 

Alejandro Palma Ramos* 

* Profesor Investigador del Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco. México.

** Profesor Investigador del Departamento de Atención a la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco. México.


Resumen

La periodontitis se caracteriza por un proceso inflamatorio destructivo que afecta los tejidos de soporte del diente, la resorción del hueso alveolar, la formación de bolsas periodontales y eventualmente la pérdida del diente. Las citocinas proinflamatorias como son la interleucina 1 (IL-1), el factor de necrosis tumoral (TNFα) y el interferón gamma (IFNγ) son considerados los principales mediadores de las enfermedades de inflamación crónica incluyendo a la periodontitis. Los niveles elevados de estas citocinas en la circulación, así como localmente, se correlacionan con la severidad de algunas enfermedades periodontales, lo que permite sugerir que estas moléculas participan en la respuesta del huésped para el desarrollo y progresión de esta enfermedad. En este trabajo de revisión se presentan las características y funciones de la IL-1 así como las principales evidencias de su participación en la inducción y progresión de la enfermedad periodontal, el uso de esta molécula como marcador pronóstico y los estudios de polimorfismo genético asociados con la severidad de esta patología.

Palabras clave: Interleucina 1β; periodontitis; inflamación; IL-1 Ra

Abstract

Periodontitis is characterized by a destructive inflammatory process that affects the support tissue of the teeth, the resorption of alveolar bone, the formation of periodontal pockets and eventually the loss of teeth. The proinflammatory cytokines as Interleukin-1 (IL-1), the Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) are considered the main mediators of chronic inflammation diseases including periodontitis. The high levels of these cytokines in circulation and locally, correlate with the severity of some periodontal diseases suggesting that these molecules participate in host response to develop the progression of this disease. In this review, the characteristics and functions of IL-1 are shown, the main evidences that correlate the induction and progression of periodontal disease with IL-1, the use of this molecule as a prognostic marker and the studies of genetic polymorphism associated with the severity of this disease.

Key words: Interleukin 1β; periodontitis; inflammation; IL-1 Ra

Texto completo disponible sólo en PDF.

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*** Dirección para correspondencia: Dra. Laura Castrillón Rivera. Departamento Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Unidad Xochimilco. Tel: 54837269. Correo electrónico: lcrivera@correo.xoc.uam.mx

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