An Energy-efficient Routing Protocol for MANETs: a Particle Swarm Optimization Approach

 

Shahram Jamali¹, Leila Rezaei², Sajjad Jahanbakhsh Gudakahriz*³

 

¹ Computer Engineering Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili,Ardabil, Iran. *jamali@iust.ac.ir.

² Department of Computer Engineering, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.

³ Department of Computer Engineering, Germi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Germi, Iran.

 

ABSTRACT

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are infrastructure-free networks created by wireless mobile devices with restricted battery life. This limited battery capacity in MANETs makes it necessary to consider the energy-awareness feature in their design. Since routing protocols have central role in MANETs, their energy-awareness increases network life time by efficiently using of the available limited energy. TORA is one of these routing protocols that offer high degree of scalability. This paper employs the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (BPSO) to add the energy-awareness feature to the TORA routing protocol. The proposed protocol considers routes length in its route selection process and also includes routes energy level in its calculations. It formulates the routing issue as an optimization problem and then employs BPSO to choose a route that maximizes a weighted function of the route length and the route energy level. Extensive simulations in ns-2 simulator environment show that the proposed routing protocol, called BPSO-TORA, prolongs the network lifetime remarkably and outperforms TORA in terms of network life time, system life time and total delivered data.

Keywords: MANET, PSO, BPSO, TORA, BPSO-TORA, Routing.

 

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