Ingeniería de alimentos

 

Tracing phenolic compounds through manufacturing of edible films from orange and grapefruit peels

 

Rastreo de compuestos fenólicos en la fabricación de películas comestibles a partir de cáscaras de naranja y toronja

 

J.G. Hernández-Carrillo, A. Valdez-Fragoso, J. Welti-Chanes, H. Mújica-Paz*

 

Escuela de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey Nuevo León, 64849, México. * Corresponding author. E-mail: h.mujica@itesm.mx Tel.: +52 (81)83 58 14 00 ext. 4854.

 

Received March 24, 2015;
Accepted July 5, 2015.

 

Abstract

Edible films naturally rich in phenolic compounds were prepared from orange and grapefruit peels. Free and total polyphenols were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method and flavonoids were identified and quantified by HPLC in the manufacturing processes of films. Films from grapefruit and orange peel had 24.95 and 28.18 mg GAE/g (Gallic Acid Equivalents/g), respectively, retaining more than 50% of total phenolics from the raw material. Hesperidin (33.39 mg/g) was the main flavonoid in orange peel based films and naringin (31.42 mg/g) in grapefruit peel films. Recoveries of the identified flavonoids in films were in the range of 31-60%. Residues, mainly those from orange peel process, retained important fraction of phenolics. Edible films with high levels of polyphenols were manufactured from orange and grapefruit peel without the addition of external phenolics extracts.

Keywords: orange peel, grapefruit peel, edible films, phenolic compounds, flavonoids.

 

Resumen

Se fabricaron películas biodegradables con alto contenido de compuestos fenólicos a partir de cáscaras de naranja y toronja. En el proceso de producción de las películas, se determinaron los polifenoles libres y totales por el método de Folin-Ciocalteau y los flavonoides se identificaron y cuantificaron por HPLC. Las películas de cáscara de naranja y toronja tuvieron 24.95 y 28.18 mg EAG/g (Equivalentes de Acido Gálico/g), respectivamente, con una retención de más del 50% de los fenólicos totales de las materias primas. El principal flavonoide en las películas a base de cáscara de naranja fue la hesperidina (33.39 mg/g) y, la naringina en las de cáscara de toronja. La recuperación de los flavonoides identificados en las películas estuvo entre 31-60%. Los residuos del proceso, principalmente los del proceso de cáscara de naranja, retuvieron una fracción importante de fenólicos. Se fabricaron películas comestibles con altos niveles de polifenoles a partir de cáscaras de naranja y toronja sin la adición de extractos externos de fenólicos.

Palabras clave: cáscara de naranja, cáscara de toronja, películas biodegradables, compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides.

 

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the financial support from CONACYT-México (Grant 223775) and Tecnológico de Monterrey. J.G. Hernández-Carrillo is grateful to CONACYT for the doctoral scholarship. Special thanks to Z. J. Escobedo-Avellaneda for her advices in laboratory techniques.

 

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