Biotecnología

 

Fertigation of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) in laboratory and nursery assays with treated vinasses of hidrated ethanol of UASB reactor

 

Fertirrigación de sogro dulce (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) en laboratorio y ensayos en vivero con vinazas tratadas de etanol hidratado de un reactor UASB

 

J.O. Mijangos-Cortes^1,2*, M. E. Gonzalez-Muñoz^1,3, E.I. España-Gamboa^1,3, J.A. Domínguez-Maldonado^1,3 and L. Alzate-Gaviria^1,3

 

¹ Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A. C.

² Natural Resources Unit. *Corresponding author. E-mail: jmijangoscorts@yahoo.com.mx

³ Renewable Energy Unit; Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, México.

 

Received August 19, 2013.
Accepted December 31, 2013.

 

Abstract

Vinasse is used in crop fertigation indiscriminately, however, this wastewater generates serious environmental damage as the reduction in crop yield or even its death in the short-term and acidification, decreased oxygenation, increased organic load, accumulation of phenols in soil in the medium and long term. The aim of this study was the fertigation sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in laboratory (bioassays germination) and growth in nursery treated with hydrated ethanol stillage from a UASB modified, in order to improve its chemical properties and use them to 50, 75% (diluted) and 100% of treated vinasse (TV50, TV75 and TV100 respectively). The raw vinasse (RV) had the lowest percentage of germination in seeds of sweet sorghum in laboratory tests (14% in 8 days) compared to the control treatment where 94% of germinated seeds. Growth of seedlings in the nursery with RV treatment was lower than in other treatments and after 13 days the plants completely stopped growth and died.

Keywords: energy crop, UASB treated vinasse, distillery wastewater management, soil fertility.

 

Resumen

Las vinazas se han utilizado en la fertirigación de cultivos de manera indiscriminada, sin embargo, estas aguas residuales generan daños graves al medio ambiente, desde la reducción en el rendimiento o muerte de los cultivos a corto plazo, así como la acidificación, disminución de la oxigenación, aumento de la carga orgánica, acumulación de fenoles en el suelo en el mediano y largo plazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue la fertirrigación de sorgo dulce (Sorgo bicolor L. Moench) en laboratorio (bioensayos de germinación) y crecimiento en vivero con vinazas tratadas de Etanol hidratado de un UASB modificado, con la finalidad de mejorar sus propiedades químicas y utilizarlas al 50, 75% (diluidas) y al 100 % de vinaza tratada (TV50, TV75 y TV100 respectivamente). La vinaza cruda (RV) presentó el porcentaje más bajo de germinación en las semillas de sorgo dulce en las pruebas de laboratorio (14% en 8 días) comparado con el tratamiento control donde germinó el 94% de las semillas. El crecimiento de las plántulas en el vivero con la vinaza cruda (RV) fue menor que en otros tratamientos, y después de 13 días las plantas detuvieron completamente su crecimiento y murieron.

Palabras clave: cultivos energéticos, vinasas tratadas UASM, manejo de aguas residuales de destilerías, fertilidad del suelo.

 

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of I.A.H. Daniel A. Leon Gomez for the technical assistance in the nursery. This research was partially financed by Fondo Sectorial CONACYT-CONAVI, Scientific Project: No. 101284.

 

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