Revisiones

 

Biomolecules extracted by ATPS: Practical examples

 

Biomoléculas extraídas por SBAS: Ejemplos prácticos

 

J.V. Dutra-Molino¹, V. Araujo Feitosa¹, L. C. de Lencastre-Novaes¹, V. de Carvalho Santos-Ebinuma², A. Moreni Lopes¹, A. Faustino Jozala¹, D. de Araújo Viana Marques³, L. Pellegrini-Malpiedi^1,4 and A. Pessoa-Júnior¹*

 

¹ Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, Brazil. *Corresponding author. E-mail: pessoajr@usp.br Tel. 55-11-3091-3862 - Fax: 55-11-3815-6386.

² Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil.

³ Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Brazil.

⁴ Department of Chemical-Physic, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario - UNR, Argentina.

 

Received June 14, 2013.
Accepted March 30, 2014.

 

Abstract

The actual biotechnology industry demands fast and economic upstream and downstream processes to purify biomolecules. In this context, different purification techniques, that offer both high recovery and purity to the final product, have been assayed by different research groups. Liquid-liquid extraction with aqueous two-phase systems is one of the most studied methodologies for bio-separation. This technique presents several advantages such as mild conditions of working, cost-effectiveness, short-time consumption and high recovery percentage of the final product. With the aim to present a comparison of liquid-liquid extractions with other techniques, several aqueous two-phase extraction processes of biomolecules are presented in this review. We presented the advantages and disadvantages of them as of the compared systems. In general, the highest final product purities are achieved when different methodologies are combine, being the chromatographic ones the most applied in the last stages for the high purification factor obtained after them. Alternative methodologies, such as aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS), i.e., PEG/salts or ionic liquids; aqueous two-phase micellar systems, using solvents and surfactants; and extractive fermentation with ATPS, are relevant for both cost-effectiveness and time-saving of the purification process.

Keywords: liquid-liquid extraction, downstream processing, biomolecules, polymers, surfactant.

 

Resumen

La industria biotecnológica actual exige procesos rápidos y económicos para la producción y la purificación de biomoléculas. En este contexto, diferentes técnicas separativas que ofrezcan un alto rendimiento y una alta pureza del producto final han sido evaluadas por diferentes grupos de investigación. La extracción líquido-líquido con sistemas bifásicos acuosos (SBAs) es una de las metodologías más estudiadas para bio-separación. Esta técnica presenta varias ventajas, tales como condiciones suaves de trabajo, alta relación costo-beneficio, cortos tiempos de consumo y alto porcentaje de recuperación del producto final. Con el objetivo de comparar extracciones líquido-líquido con otras técnicas de separación, diferentes procesos de extracción de biomoléculas serán presentados en este trabajo de revisión. Adicionalmente, se presentarán las ventajas y desventajas de cada uno de ellos. En general, los más altos grados de pureza del producto final fueron obtenidos al combinar diferentes metodologías, siendo las cromatográficas las más aplicados en las últimas etapas debido a los elevados factores de purificación obtenidos después de ellas. Metodologías alternativas como por ejemplo, SBAs basados en mezclas de PEG/sal o líquidos iónicos/sal, sistemas micelares de dos fases acuosas (SMDFAs) formados por solventes o surfactantes; fermentación extractiva utilizando SBA, también resultan ser relevantes debido a sus bajos costos y cortos tiempo en sus procesos de purificación.

Palabras clave: extracción líquido-líquido, procesos de purificación, biomoléculas, polímeros, surfactante.

 

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by FAPESP grant 2012/120226, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), CAPES (National Council for the Improvement of Higher Education, Brazil) and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil). We would like to acknowledge the English revision of Flavius Chitto in our manuscript.

 

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