Artículos de investigación

 

Refolding of lysozyme assisted by molecular chaperones immobilized in cellulose: the operational conditions that affect refolding yields

 

Replegamiento de lizosima asistida por chaperonas moleculares inmovilizados en celulosa: las condiciones operativas que afectan los rendimientos de replegamiento

 

A. Antonio-Pérez¹, L. M. Aldaz-Martínez¹, A. Meneses-Acosta² and J. Ortega-López¹*

 

¹ Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN. Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, México D.F., México. *Corresponding author. E-mail: jortega@cinvestav.mx Tel. 52 55 5747-3800.

² Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62010, Cuernavaca, Morelos México.

 

Received September 7, 2013.
Accepted November 20, 2013.

 

Abstract

Expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli often leads to formation of inclusion bodies (IBs). To recover the protein activity, the IBs are isolated, solubilized and refolded. The protein refolding processes play a major role in the production of recombinant proteins; thus, various methodologies have been implemented, including dilution, dialysis and column chromatography with or without the assistance of molecular chaperones. Recently, it was demonstrated that the apical domain of GroEL (AD), DsbA and DsbC immobilized on cellulose improved the effciency of chromatographic refolding of rhodanese and lysozyme. Although immobilized chaperones and foldases greatly improve refolding yields, their use has been limited. To improve their potential use at the bioprocess scale, it is essential to understand the effects of operational conditions and additives on refolding yields. Therefore, we investigated the lysozyme refolding kinetics assisted by the apical domain of GroEL (AD), DsbA and DsbC in either soluble or immobilized on cellulose with different lysozyme concentrations, different chaperone:lysozyme ratios, absence of redox pairing, presence of glycerol and presence of high concentrations of GdnHCl and β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME). Our results provide insight to improve the use of molecular chaperones in the refolding of recombinant proteins expressed as inclusion bodies.

Keywords: protein refolding, inclusion bodies, chaperone immobilization, cellulose, lysozyme.

 

Resumen

Las proteínas recombinantes expresadas en Escherichia coli en muchas ocasiones se acumulan en forma de cuerpos de inclusión (IBs) por lo que para recuperar la actividad biológica de éstas, es necesario solubilizarlas de los IBs y llevar a cabo su replegamiento, proceso que representa una etapa limitante en la producción de proteínas recombinantes. Metodologías como la diálisis, dilución, uso de chaperones moleculares y técnicas cromatográficas, se han implementado con éxito en el laboratorio. Recientemente, para facilitar el uso de chaperones, se demostró que el dominio apical de GroEL (AD), y las oxidoreductasas DsbA y DsbC inmovilizadas en celulosa, asistieron eficientemente el replegamiento de rodanasa y lisozima. Sin embargo, para mejorar su potencial uso a una escala de producción, se requiere conocer cómo afectan las condiciones de operación y aditivos en los rendimientos de plegamiento. En este trabajo, evaluamos la cinética de replegamiento de lisozima asistida por dominio apical de GroEL (AD), y las oxidoreductasas DsbA y DsbC, solubles o inmovilizadas en celulosa usando diferentes concentraciones de lisozima, glicerol, GdnHCl y β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME), así como diferentes relaciones molares de chaperón: lisozima y la ausencia de un par redox. Estos resultados reportados pueden contribuir al diseño de estrategias para mejorar el uso de los chaperones molecular en el replegamiento de proteínas expresadas como cuerpos de inclusión.

Palabras clave: replegamiento de proteínas, cuerpos de inclusión, chaperones inmovilizados, celulosa, lisozima.

 

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by CINVESTAV-IPN, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) grants 40387-Z and 128694 to JOL, scholarships to AAP and LARL, and Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Distrito Federal (ICyTDF) grant PIFUTP08-108 to JOL. AAP also received support from ICyTDF (BM11-133). We thank Claudia Ivonne Flores-Pucheta and Ma. Eugenia Zuñiga-Trejo for their technical assistance and Silvia Zuñiga-Trejo for her secretarial support.

 

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