Biotecnología

 

Modelado de la biodegradación en biorreactores de lodos de hidrocarburos totales del petróleo intemperizados en suelos y sedimentos

 

Biodegradation modeling of sludge bioreactores of total petroleum hydrocarbons weathering in soil and sediments

 

S.A. Medina–Moreno¹*; S. Huerta–Ochoa²; C.A. Lucho–Constantino¹; L. Aguilera–Vázquez¹; A. Jiménez–González³ y M. Gutiérrez–Rojas²

 

¹ Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca. Ex–Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, Mpio. Zempoala, Hgo., C.P. 43830, Carretera Pachuca Cd. Sahagún Km. 20. * Autor para la correspondencia. E–mail: samm67@upp.edu.mx

² Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. C.P. 09340 lztapalapa, México D.F., México.

³ Departamento de lngeniería en Agrotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Francisco l. Madero. Carretera Tepatepec–San Juan Tepa, Km. 2, Hgo., C.P.42660

 

Recibido 14 de Abril 2009
Aceptado 20 de Octubre 2009

 

Resumen

En este trabajo se desarrolló y validó un modelo matemático de difusión–sorción–biodegradación para predecir y describir la biodegradación en un biorreactor de lodos de hidrocarburos totales de petróleo (HTPs) intemperizados en suelos y sedimentos. El principal aporte del modelo fue considerar un fenómeno de histéresis en los poros de las partículas de suelo, donde la trayectoria inicial de equilibrio fue descrita mediante una isoterma lineal, mientras que la trayectoria de un segundo equilibrio durante la difusión intrapartícula de los hidrocarburos fue descrita por una isoterma de Langmuir. Esta consideración, explica el fenómeno de difusión retardada por re–adsorción. Además, la adimensionalización del modelo generó cuatro números adimensionales: biodisponibilidad tipo I (B_nI) y tipo II (B_nII), Biot de masa (Bi_m) y el módulo de re–adsorción (η); los cuales permitieron establecer los mecanismos de control en el proceso de biodegradación. La validación del modelo, se llevó a cabo al ser utilizado para describir y predecir la biodegradación de HTPs intemperizados en un suelo con 150,000 mg HTPs/kg y este mismo suelo pre–tratando con tolueno. El modelo puede utilizarse como plataforma para el desarrollo de criterios de escalamiento y diseño de biorreactores de lodos.

Palabras clave: modelo difusión–sorción–biodegradación, biorreactor de lodos, hidrocarburos totales de petróleo, biodegradación.

 

Abstract

A mathematical model to predict and to describe the biodegradation in sludge bioreactor of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) weathering in soil–sediments was developed and validated. The main model contribution, consisted on taking into account a hysteresis phenomena inside of the particles soil, where the initial desorption and solubilization equilibrium path of TPHs (linear isotherm) was considered to be different at the second readsorption equilibrium path (Langmuir isotherm) during intraparticle diffusivity of hydrocarbons. The Langmuir isotherm consideration, allowed explaining the retarded diffusion due to readsorption equilibrium. Model dimensionless also generate four non–dimensional numbers: bioavailability I (B_nI) and II (B_nII), Biot of mass (Bi_m) and readsorption module (η) that allowed establishing the control mechanism of the biodegradation process. The model validation was carried out by their use to describe and to predict the biodegradation of weathering TPHs in a soil with 150,000 mg/kg of contamination level. The model was also capable to describe the biodegradation of weathering TPHs from the same soil, previously treated with toluene. The model could be used as platform to develop scale–up approaches, and to improve the sludge bioreactors performance.

Keywords: diffusion–sorption–biodegradation model, sludge bioreactor, weathering total petroleum hydrocarbons, biodegradation.

 

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