Ingeniería ambiental

 

Efecto de las cargas hidráulica y orgánica sobre la remoción masica de un empaque estructurado en un filtro percolador

 

Effect of hydraulic and organic loads on the mass removal of a structured packing in a trickling filter

 

S. Reyes–Lara y R. Reyes–Mazzoco*

 

Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Alimentos, Universidad de las Américas, Puebla.

 

Recibido 27 de Octubre 2008
Aceptado 17 de Febrero 2009

 

Resumen

Se realizó un estudio a escala de banco del comportamiento de un nuevo empaque plástico estructurado para un filtro percolador que se diseñó siguiendo el modelo del módulo de Thiele para aumentar su eficiencia de remoción de contaminantes presentes en el agua. Para determinar la remoción másica de DQO del sistema operando en estado estable se aplicaron distintas cargas orgánicas, (L, kg DQO/m³s), e hidráulicas, (Q, m³/m² d), de acuerdo a un diseño factorial de experimentos y dos tipos de agua residual. Se probaron valores de L entre 5 y 72 kg DQO/m³ d, más de diez veces mayores a los normalmente utilizados en filtros percoladores para depuración de aguas sanitarias, para demostrar que el diseño del empaque es capaz de manejarlos. La remoción másica se obtuvo entre 3 y 10 kg DQO/m³ d sin limitación en la transferencia de oxígeno. Usando el modelo cinético propuesto por Eckenfelder basado en L y en el área específica del empaque, la depuración del agua residual sintética produjo un valor de la constante cinética de 0.0423 kg DQO/m² d y el agua residual preparada con suero de leche de 0.0867 kg DQO/m² d.

Palabras clave: filtro percolador, carga orgánica, carga hidráulica, empaque estructurado.

 

Abstract

A bench scale study was performed on the behavior of a new structured packing for a trickling filter designed from the model of Thiele's modulus for increasing the removal efficiency of pollutants present in wastewater. For determining the mass removal of COD from the system working at steady state, several organic, (L, kg DQO/m³s), and hydraulic loads, (Q, m³/m² d), were applied according to a factorial experimental design and two types of wastewater. L values were tested in the range of 5 to 72 kg DQO/m³ d, more than ten times higher than values used in sanitary wastewater treatment, to demonstrate that the packing's design is able to handle them. Mass removal was obtained from 3 to 10 kg DQO/m³ d with no limitation of oxygen transfer. Using the kinetic model proposed by Eckenfelder based on L and the specific area of the packing, the treatment of synthetic wastewater produced a value of the kinetic constant of 0.0423 kg DQO/m² d and for the wastewater prepared from whey was 0.0867 kg DQO/m² d.

Keywords: trickling filter, organic load, hydraulic load, structured packing.

 

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