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Política y gobierno
versão impressa ISSN 1665-2037
Polít. gob vol.14 no.1 Ciudad de México Jan./Jun. 2007
Artículos
Antiamericanismo y globalización económica: libre comercio, apertura de mercados y opinión pública en México
Anti-Americanism and Economic Globalization: Free Trade, Open Markets and Public Opinion in Mexico
* Profesor-investigador en el Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), Carretera México-Toluca 3655, col. Lomas de Santa Fe, México D.F., 01210. Correo electrónico: matthew.kocher@cide.edu.
** Profesora-investigadora del Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), México. Correo electrónico: susan.minushkin@cide.edu.
En este artículo se analiza cómo las actitudes hacia Estados Unidos modelan las preferencias de política comercial y de inversión en México. Puesto que el ascenso del antiamericanismo cambia la opinión pública sobre la conveniencia del libre comercio y la apertura de los mercados, el incremento en la globalización económica puede estar en riesgo con opiniones públicas y gobiernos que busquen detener su avance en las negociaciones comerciales multilaterales o forzar su repliegue con políticas internas proteccionistas. Se midieron las actitudes mexicanas con datos de opinión pública de la encuesta reciente México y el Mundo 2004. Se encontró que, en México, las evaluaciones sociotrópicas y retrospectivas racionales, así como los valores políticos y sociales no racionales, suelen dirigir las actitudes hacia el comercio y la inversión, mientras que las expectativas racionales acerca de la perspectiva económica promedio no lo hacen. Los resultados sugieren que un incremento bien documentado del antiamericanismo y la oposición a la política exterior estadounidense sí puede poner en peligro la globalización económica.
Palabras clave: antiamericanismo; globalización económica; apertura de mercado
In this article, we examine how attitudes toward the United States shape trade and investment policy preferences in Mexico. To the extent that rising anti-Americanism changes public opinion on the desirability of free trade and open markets, increased economic globalization may be at risk from publics and governments who seek to break its advance in multilateral trade negotiations or force its retreat through domestic protectionist policies. We measure Mexican attitudes with public opinion data drawn from the recent México y el Mundo 2004 survey. We find that, in Mexico, rational sociotropic and retrospective evaluations, as well as non-rational political and social values, tend to drive attitudes toward trade and investment, but rational expectations about average economic prospects do not. Our results suggest that the well-documented rise in anti-Americanism and opposition to American foreign policy may indeed put economic globalization at risk.
Key words: anti-Americanism; economic globalization; open markets
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Recibido: Junio de 2006; Aprobado: Octubre de 2006
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
