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Revista mexicana de investigación educativa
Print version ISSN 1405-6666
RMIE vol.10 n.25 Ciudad de México Apr./Jun. 2005
Sección temática
Trabajo infantil urbano y logro en matemáticas de la educación básica. Un modelo de dos niveles
*Rubén Cervini es profesor titular e investigador del Departamento de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 180 Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. CE: racervini@arnet.com.ar
En este estudio se investigan las relaciones entre trabajo infantil y rendimiento en matemáticas del alumno del 7º año de la educación básica en el área urbana. Se analizan los datos del Operativo Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad de la Educación de 1997, realizado por el Ministerio de Cultura y Educación de la Nación, referidos a los alumnos del 7º año de la educación general básica de Argentina. El archivo es de 1 283 escuelas y 30 630 alumnos. Se construye un indicador específico de intensidad de trabajo infantil con base en el lugar y el tiempo diario de trabajo. Se utiliza la técnica estadística de “modelo jerárquicos lineales” con dos niveles (alumnos y escuela). Se estima el efecto del trabajo infantil sobre el rendimiento escolar, previo control del nivel socioeconómico y cultural familiar y contextual. Se extraen y discuten conclusiones.
Palabras clave: aprovechamiento escolar; trabajo infantil; educación básica; matemáticas; igualdad de oportunidades; Argentina
This study investigates the relationships between child labor and the mathematics performance of seventh graders in urban areas. An analysis is made of data from the Operativo Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad de la Educación (National Evaluation of Educational Quality) carried out in 1997 by Argentina’s National Ministry of Culture and Education, concerning students enrolled in the seventh year of basic general education. The file includes Argentine 1,283 schools and 30,630 students. A specific indicator of the intensity of child labor is constructed, based on the place and amount of daily work. The statistical technique of “linear hierarchical models” with two levels (students and school) was used. The effect of child labor on scholastic achievement is estimated, after controlling the socioeconomic level, family culture and context. Conclusions are established and discussed.
Key words: school achievement; child labor; basic education; mathematics; equal opportunities; Argentina
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Recibido: 05 de Noviembre de 2004; Aprobado: 21 de Febrero de 2005
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
