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Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana
versión impresa ISSN 1405-3322
Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex vol.59 no.1 Ciudad de México jun. 2007
https://doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2007v59n1a3
Artículos
Evolución geológica del sureste mexicano desde el Mesozoico al presente en el contexto regional del Golfo de México
Geologic evolution of Southeastern Mexico from the Mesozoic to the Present in the regional context of the Gulf of Mexico
1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ingeniería, División en Ciencias de la Tierra, Cd. Universitaria, México D.F. 04510. rjpadilla@dictfi.unam.mx
La evolución geológica del sureste mexicano es analizada en el contexto regional del Golfo de México que inicia su apertura con la fragmentación y dispersión de la Pangea. La sedimentación en esta depresión empieza con el depósito de lechos rojos continentales durante el Triásico Tardío y el Jurásico Temprano, después de lo cual, durante el Calloviano, se produce una invasión por aguas marinas provenientes del Pacífico que cubren una extensa zona con poca circulación, poco tirante de agua y alta evaporación, condiciones que favorecen el depósito de grandes volúmenes de sal en la zona central de la cuenca. Desde el Jurásico Tardío hasta el Cretácico Tardío la sedimentación estuvo dominada por carbonatos, cambiando a clásticos a principios del Paleógeno a causa de la Orogenia Laramide, evento tectónico que formó la Sierra Madre Oriental. Durante el resto del Paleógeno la sedimentación clástica se fue alojando engrandes depocentros formados en el antepaís de la Sierra Madre Oriental y en las porciones sur y suroccidental del Golfo de México, en donde el Macizo de Chiapas aportó un gran volumen de sedimentos, mientras que sobre el Bloque Yucatán continuaba el depósito de carbonatos de plataforma somera. En el Mioceno medio, durante el Serravaliano, la compresión derivada del movimiento lateral del Bloque Chortis y de la subducción de la Placa de Cocos contra la terminación meridional de la Placa de Norteamérica, formó los pliegues y fallas de la cadena de Chiapas-Reforma-Akal sobre un décollement al nivel de la sal calloviana; posteriormente estas estructuras se bascularon hacia el NNW cuando la sal se movilizó hacia el norte. El cambio de posición de la masa de sal generó nuevos depocentros y minicuencas, controlados por fallas con vergencia hacia las partes más profundas del Golfo de México y por fallas antitéticas regionales, que limitan las Cuencas del Sureste. El movimiento gravitacional de los depósitos cenozoicos causó finalmente inversión tectónica en las cuencas neógenas, siendo esta más evidente en la Cuenca de Macuspana.
Palabras clave: Alto de Anegada; Cadena Plegada Reforma-Campeche; Cuenca de Comalcalco; Cuenca de Macuspana; Cuenca de Veracruz; Cuenca Salina del Istmo; Cuencas del Sureste; evolución geológica del Golfo de México; Falla Transformante Tamaulipas-Oaxaca; Franja de Chiapas-Reforma-Akal; Horst de la Faja de Oro; Horst de Reforma-Akal; Lineamiento de Boquillas-Sabinas; Lineamiento de Sierra Mojada-China; Macizo de Chiapas; Pilar de Akal; Sierra de Chiapas; Sierra de Zongolica; Sierra Madre Oriental; tectónica del Golfo de México
The geologic evolution of southeastern Mexico is analyzed in the regional context of the Gulf of Mexico, which starts it opening with the fragmentation and spreading of Pangea. The sedimentary record in this depression begins with the deposit of continental red beds during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, after which, during the Callovian, sea-waters from the Pacific invaded an extense area; low circulation and high evaporation of these waters allowed the deposition of large volumes of salt in the central part of the basin. From Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous, carbonate deposition prevailed, changing to clastic at the beginning of the Paleogene, when the Laramide Orogeny formed the folds and faults of the Sierra Madre Oriental. During the rest of the Paleogene clastic sedimentation was deposited in large depocenters generated in the foreland of the Sierra Madre Oriental, and in the southern and southwestern partsof the Golf of Mexico, where the Chiapas Massif produced large volumes of sediments, whereas in the Yucatan Block the deposition of shallow water carbonates continued. In the Middle Miocene, during the Serravalian, compressive stresses resulting from the lateral movement of the Chortis Block and the subduction of the Cocos Plate, against the southern end of the North American Plate, formed the folds and faults of the Chiapas-Reforma-Akal belt over a décollement at the level of the Callovian salt; later, these structures were tilted to the NNW when the salt was mobilized northward. The change of location of this mass of salt caused new depocenters and minibasins, comptrolled by faults with a vergence toward the deepest parts of the Gulf of Mexico, and by regional antithetic faults, which limit the Cuencas del Sureste. The gravitational movement of the Cenozoic deposits, finally caused tectonic inversion in the neogene basins, from which the most evident is the Macuspana Basin.
Keywords: Anegada High; Reforma-Campeche Folded Belt; Comalcalco Basin; Macuspana Basin; Veracruz Basin; Salina del Istmo Basin; Cuencas del Sureste; Gulf of Mexico; Gulf of Mexico geologic evolution; Tamaulipas-Oaxaca Transform Fault; Chiapas-Reforma-Akal Belt; Goleen Lane Horst; Reforma-Akal Horst; Boquillas-Sabinas Lineament; Sierra Mojada-China Lineament; Chiapas Massif; Akal High; Sierra de Chiapas; Sierra de Zongolica; Sierra Madre Oriental; Gulf of Mexico tectonics
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Recibido: 29 de Junio de 2005; Revisado: 16 de Noviembre de 2005; Aprobado: 21 de Noviembre de 2006
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
