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Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana

versión impresa ISSN 1405-3322

Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex vol.58 no.1 Ciudad de México ene. 2006

https://doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2006v58n1a4 

Artículos

Depósitos de Pb-Zn-Cu-Ba-F-Sr epigenéticos estratoligados en series sedimentarias en relación con salmueras de cuenca: depósitos de tipo “Mississippi Valley” (MVT) y similares en México

Jordi Tritlla1  * 

Gilles Levresse1 

Rodolfo Corona-Esquivel2 

David Banks3 

Hector Lamadrid1 

Julien Bourdet4 

1Programa de Geofluidos, Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Carr. Qro-SLP km 15,5, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México.

2Museo de Geología-Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, J. Torres Bodet No. 176, Col. Sta Ma. La Ribera, D. F. 06400, México.

3School of Earth Environment, Institute of Geological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, Reino Unido de la Gran Bretaña.

4UMR 7566 G2R-CREGU, Université H. Poincaré, B.P. 239 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54506 France.


Resumen

Los depósitos de Pb-Zn-Cu-Ba-F-Sr epigenéticos estratoligados en series sedimentarias han constituido una de las mayores fuentes de metales en la historia de la humanidad. Aún en la actualidad continúan siendo un objetivo prioritario de exploración para las compañías mineras, debido tanto a su fácil metalurgia como a los grandes tonelajes que presentan los distritos clasificados bajo esta tipología.

En México existen todo un conjunto de mineralizaciones de Pb-Zn-Ba-F que han sido sistemáticamente consideradas como pertenecientes a tipologías diversas (skarns, reemplazamientos de alta temperatura, epitermales, etc.) que, bajo una nueva perspectiva, responden a un modelo de circulación de fluidos de cuenca enriquecidos en metales, flúor y bario durante su tránsito por la serie sedimentaria. Estos fluidos han dado lugar a un conjunto de cuerpos mineralizados estratoligados que aparecen encajonados dentro de las series de plataforma carbonatada mesozoicas del centro, N y NE de México. Típicamente, no están asociados genéticamente a magmatismo alguno, no causan una alteración muy acusada en la roca encajonante, suelen estar asociados a la presencia de materia orgánica (hidrocarburos líquidos, bitúmen), presentan una mineralogía muy sencilla, a menudo casi monominerálica (barita, celestina, fluorita, esfalerita, galena) y suelen presentar temperaturas de formación dentro del rango de 90-150 °C con salinidades variables. Todo este conjunto de características hacen a estos depósitos plenamente comparables con los MVT del subtipo Alpino-Apalachiano.

En este artículo se lleva a cabo una revisión sobre el conocimiento que se tiene sobre este tipo de depósitos a nivel global para, después, pasar a discutir la presencia de esta tipología en suelo mexicano y sus características geológicas y geoquímicas más relevantes.

Palabras clave: Depósitos de tipo MVT; generalidades; geoquímica; depósitos en México; estado del arte

Abstract

The low temperature, epigenetic and stratabound Pb-Zn-Cu-Ba-F-Sr-bearing ore deposits enclosed within sedimentary series have been one of the major sources of metals in history. Presently, exploration companies still find these deposits a profitable target due to its simple mineralogy as well as the large tonnage they can present, always considering the mineral disctricts as a whole.

In north-east Mexico, several non-magmatic, low-temperature Pb-Zn-F-Ba deposits have been sistematically considered to represent magmatic-related typologies (skarns, high-temperature replacement deposits, epithermal deposits, etc.). Recently, these deposits have been re-studied and placed within an scenario of deep fluid circulation of basinal brines through the Mesozoic sedimentary series, being enriched in Ba, F and metals during its transit. These fluids gave rise to a series of stratabound epigenetic ore deposits scattered throughout the whole Mesozoic carbonate platform. These deposits are not related with any magmatic period whatsoever; do not cause an intense alteration to the host rocks; oftenly, they present a close association with organic matter, either liquid hydrocarbons or bitument; they display a very simple mineralogy (barite, celestite, fluorite, sphalerite, galena) and present low formation temperatures (90-105 °C) coupled with variable salinities. All these characteristics make these deposits similar to the Mississippi Valley-Type Deposits, Alpine-Apalachian subtype.

In this paper firstly we pretend to perform a revision on the global knowledge of the MVT tipology and, subsequentely, to discuss the presence of this type of deposits within the Mesozoic sedimentary series in Mexico.

Key words: MVT deposits; general characteristics; geochemistry; deposits in Mexico; state of the art

DESCARGAR ARTÍCULO EN FORMATO PDF

Agradecimientos.

Quisiéramos agradecer a los Ing. Agustín Rodriguez y Samuel Baca, de Fluorita de México S. A. de C.V., tanto por las facilidades prestadas durante las visitas a la mina de La Encantada-Buenavista, como por su inestimable ayuda. Así mismo, al Dr. Noé Piedad Sánchez y al Ing. C. Martínez-Ramos por su ayuda y sus comentarios a la hora de escribir este trabajo. Y finalmente, al Dr. E. GonzálezPartida por sus comentarios durante la redacción de este trabajo, algunos de los cuales se han incorporado al presente trabajo para enriquecer la discusión.

Agradecemos el financiamiento prestado a este estudio a través del proyecto PAPIIT de la UNAM número IN114002.

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Recibido: 15 de Marzo de 2005; Revisado: 23 de Junio de 2005; Aprobado: 24 de Febrero de 2006

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