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Agrociencia
versión On-line ISSN 2521-9766versión impresa ISSN 1405-3195
Agrociencia vol.41 no.6 Texcoco ago./sep. 2007
Ciencia Animal
Concentración de urea en plasma y respuesta productiva de cerdos en iniciación alimentados con dietas sorgo-pasta de soya bajas en proteína
1 Ganadería. Campus Montecillo. Colegio de Postgraduados. 56230. Montecillo, Estado de México. (jlfigueroa@colpos.mx)
2 Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21100. Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali, Baja California, México.
Existe poca información acerca del uso de dietas con baja proteína cruda (PC) para cerdos en iniciación. Por tanto, se realizaron dos experimentos para determinar el porcentaje mínimo de PC en dietas sorgo-pasta de soya que no afecte el comportamiento productivo, utilizando urea en plasma como indicador. En el experimento 1, los tratamientos (% PC) fueron: T1) testigo 20.5; T2) 19.0; T3) 17.5; T4) 16.0; T5) 14.5, y se aplicaron a 10 cerditas en iniciación usando un diseño cruzado con periodos de 7 d. El último día de cada periodo se obtuvo una muestra de sangre de la vena cava para determinar urea. La menor concentración de este metabolito indicó que la PC en la dieta puede reducirse hasta 16%. Mediante regresión no lineal exponencial se determinó que la PC en la dieta se puede reducir hasta 14.86% y aumentar hasta 20.12% para obtener la mínima y máxima concentración de urea en plasma. En el experimento 2, los tratamientos (%PC y Mcal EM kg-1) fueron: T1) dieta estándar, 20.5 y 3.265; T2) 20.5 y 3.165; T3) 16 y 3.265; T4) 16 y 3.165; T5) 14.5 y 3.265; T6) 14.5 y 3.165, para 24 machos castrados usando un diseño en bloques completos al azar. El menor nivel de proteína redujo la urea en plasma, mientras que al reducir la energía disminuyó la grasa dorsal y aumentó la conversión alimenticia. Lo anterior indica que la urea se reduce al disminuir la PC en la dieta; que la grasa dorsal es menor al bajar la energía; y que otros factores como el peso inicial también influyen en la respuesta de los cerdos en iniciación.
Palabras clave: Cerdos iniciación; dietas con baja proteína; respuesta productiva; urea en plasma
There is little information on the use of low crude protein (CP) diets for nursery pigs. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to determine the minimum percentage of CP in sorghum-soybean meal diets that would not affect growth performance, using plasma urea as a marker. In experiment 1, the treatments (%CP) were: T1) control 20.5; T2) 19.0; T3) 17.5; T4) 16.0; T5 14.5, applied to 10 nursery female pigs using a cross over design with periods of 7 d. The last day of each period, a blood sample was obtained from the cava vein to determine urea. The lowest concentration of this metabolite indicated that the CP in the diet can be reduced by as much as 16%. Using exponential non-linear regression, it was determined that the CP in the diet can be reduced by as much as 14.86% and increased by as much as 20.12% to obtain the minimum and maximum plasma urea concentration. In experiment 2, the treatments (%CP and Mcal EM kg-1) were as follows: T1) standard diet, 20.5 and 3.265; T2) 20.5 and 3.165; T3) 16 and 3.265; T4) 16 and 3.165; T5) 14.5 and 3.265; T6) 14.5 and 3.165, for 24 barrows using a randomized complete blocks design. The lowest protein level reduced plasma urea, while backfat was reduced with a reduction in energy and food conversion increased. The above indicates that the urea is reduced when CP is reduced in the diet; that backfat is lower when energy is decreased; and that other factors such as initial weight also influence the performance of nursery pigs.
Key words: Nursery pigs; low protein diets; growth performance; plasma urea
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Recibido: Abril de 2006; Aprobado: Junio de 2007
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
