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Agrociencia
versão On-line ISSN 2521-9766versão impressa ISSN 1405-3195
Agrociencia vol.41 no.4 Texcoco Mai./Jun. 2007
Fitociencia
Evaluación de la tolerancia a la sequía de un portainjerto venezolano de VID y posibles mecanismos condicionantes
1Posgrado de Horticultura. Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”. Apartado 400. Barquisimeto, Venezuela (rjpire@reacciun.ve).
2Universidad de Valladolid, Palencia, España. (jdcasero@pvs.uva.es).
3Universidad de Córdoba, España (ag1fecae@uco.es).
Los portainjertos tolerantes se usan para conferir a las plantas capacidad de adaptación a condiciones de sequía. El portainjerto de vid Criolla Negra se utiliza en la viticultura de Venezuela aunque no hay información disponible para señalar que posee o puede conferir tolerancia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar el crecimiento vegetativo del portainjerto y de las variedades Chenin blanc y Syrah, plantadas tanto en forma directa como injertadas sobre él, sometidos a diferentes niveles de déficit hídrico. Los cinco tipos de material vegetal resultantes se distribuyeron en tres tratamientos de riego (abundante, moderado y escaso) en un diseño completamente al azar con un arreglo factorial y 12 repeticiones. El déficit hídrico redujo el potencial hídrico foliar en todos los materiales, a la vez que produjo una disminución ligera de la masa del sistema radical y reducción mayor de la copa (p≤0.05), en la masa de los brotes y en el área foliar. La masa radical del portainjerto superó notoriamente (p≤0.05) a la de las variedades, independientemente de que crecieran injertadas o en sus propias raíces. En condiciones de riego abundante las variedades Chenin blanc y Syrah injertadas sobre Criolla Negra mostraron diferencias pequeñas pero significativas del crecimiento con relación a las mismas variedades cultivadas en sus propias raíces. Algunas características del portainjerto que permiten clasificarlo como vigoroso y que podrían ayudar a conferirle tolerancia a la sequía fueron un extenso sistema radical (duplicó a los otros materiales de vid en condición de suelo húmedo y lo triplicó en condiciones de sequía) y mayor eficiencia de uso del agua en condiciones de sequía.
Palabras clave: Vitis vinifera; eficiencia de uso del agua; estrés hídrico; relaciones hídricas; riego
Tolerant rootstock is used to confer plants the capacity of adaptation to drought conditions. Criolla Negra rootstock is used in viticulture in Venezuela, but there is no information available that indicates whether it possesses or can confer drought tolerance. The objective of this study was to compare vegetative growth of the rootstock with Chenin blanc and Syrah grape varieties, grown on their own roots or grafted onto the rootstock and subjected to different levels of water deficit. The five resulting combinations of plant material were distributed in three irrigation treatments (abundant, moderate and deficient) in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement and 12 replications. Water deficit reduced leaf water potential in all of the materials and, at the same time, produced a slight decrease in the mass of the root system and a greater reduction of the shoot (p≤0.05), in the mass of shoots and in leaf area. The root mass of the rootstock markedly surpassed (p≤0.05) that of the varieties, regardless of whether they were grafted or grown on their own roots. Under conditions of abundant irrigation, the varieties Chenin blanc and Syrah grafted on Criolla Negra showed small, but significant, differences in growth relative to the same varieties cultivated on their own roots. Some characteristics of the rootstock that made it possible to classify it as vigorous and able to confer drought tolerance were an extensive root system (double that of the other materials in moist soil and triple under drought conditions) and greater water use efficiency under drought conditions.
Key words: Vitis vinifera; water use efficiency; water stress; water relationships; irrigation
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Recibido: Mayo de 2006; Aprobado: Enero de 2007
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
