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Agrociencia
versión On-line ISSN 2521-9766versión impresa ISSN 1405-3195
Agrociencia vol.40 no.2 Texcoco mar./abr. 2006
Protección Vegetal
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. I. especificidad hospedero-patógeno y componentes de resistencia
1Departamento de Fitotecnia. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. 56230. Chapingo, Estado de México. (lozoya@correo.chapingo.mx)
2Departamento de Parasitología. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. 56230. Chapingo, Estado de México.
3Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Tarímbaro, Michoacán.
4U. S. Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvalis, OR 97330, USA.
5College of Agriculture and Plant Sciences. Cornell University. 14853. Ithaca, N. Y. USA.
La identidad molecular de aislamientos de Phytophthora infestans que infectan a la papa en el valle de Toluca, México, está documentada. No obstante, la relación de los genotipos de P. infestans con la resistencia genética del hospedante es incierta. Para identificar la potencial especificidad hospedero-patógeno, a cepas del oomiceto obtenidas de cinco variedades de papa con diferentes niveles de resistencia se les comparó respecto a su tipo de cruzamiento (TC), el genotipo para las isoenzimas glucosa-6-fosfato isomerasa (Gpi) y peptidasa (Pep), y su sensibilidad al metalaxil. También se evaluó la identidad de los componentes de resistencia del hospedante y la especificidad en la interacción hospedero-patógeno dos veces en hojas desprendidas en el laboratorio y una vez en hojas adheridas en el invernadero en tres de las variedades. No predominó algún tipo de cruzamiento en relación con el grado de resistencia genética de los hospedantes (frecuencia A1:A2; Alpha, susceptible: 1:1.6; Rosita, resistente, 1:0.75; Norteña, resistente: 1:0.9; Monserrat, resistente: 1:2; Michoacán, resistente: 1:0.20). Se identificaron 18 combinaciones de TC-isoenzimas de 97 aislamientos. Todos han sido previamente reportados. Los genotipos multilocus más comunes (TC, Gpi, Pep) fueron A1, 86/100, 100/100 (37% de la población total) y A2, 86/100, 100/100 (14%), que representaron 66% de la población de P. infestans obtenida de las variedades Michoacán y Monserrat. El grado de sensibilidad al metalaxil fue más bajo con respecto a estudios previos. No se encontró relación entre la frecuencia de genotipos del patógeno y el nivel de resistencia genética del hospedante. El aislamiento de Rosita fue el más agresivo, induciendo la mayor área foliar dañada, en laboratorio e invernadero, así como la mayor esporulación en invernadero. El aislamiento de Alpha, que produjo la mayor cantidad de esporangios en el laboratorio, fue el segundo en este aspecto en el invernadero. Hubo mayor agresividad de los aislamientos de las variedades resistentes y se observó limitada especificidad hospedero-patógeno en Alpha y Rosita. La supresión en el área de la lesión y en la esporulación fueron los componentes de resistencia del hospedante identificados solamente para la variedad Norteña.
Palabras clave: Compatibilidad; isoenzimas; resistencia a metalaxil; resistencia genética; especificidad hospedero-patógeno
The molecular identity of Phytophthora infestans strains infecting potatoes in the Toluca Valley has been documented. Nevertheless, the relationship of the P. infestans genotypes to the host’s genetic resistance is unclear. In order to identify potential host-pathogen specificity, isolates of the oomycete obtained from five potato varieties with differing levels of disease resistance were compared regarding mating type (MT), isozyme genotype for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi) and peptidase (Pep), and sensitivity to metalaxyl. Also, host resistance components and specificity on the host-pathogen interaction were assessed twice in detached leaves in the laboratory and once in attached leaves in the greenhouse for three of the varieties. No mating type predominated relative to host genetic resistance (frequency of A1:A2; Alpha, susceptible: 1:1.6; Rosita, resistant: 1:0.75; Norteña, resistant: 1:0.9; Monserrat, resistant: 1:2; Michoacán, resistant: 1:0.20). Eighteen MT-isozyme combinations were identified from 97 isolates. All of them have been previously reported. The most common multilocus genotypes (MT, Gpi, and Pep) were A1, 86/100, 100/100 (37% of the whole population) and A2, 86/100, 100/100 (14%). Both genotypes represented 66% of the P. infestans population obtained from cvs. Michoacán and Monserrat. The level of metalaxyl sensitivity was lower relative to the levels reported in previous studies. A relationship between frequency of pathogen genotypes and level of host genetic resistance was not observed. The isolate from Rosita was the most aggressive. It resulted in the largest lesion area in the laboratory and in the greenhouse, and showed the highest sporulation in the greenhouse. The isolate from Alpha, which showed the highest sporulation in the laboratory, was second in sporulation under greenhouse conditions. Aggressiveness was higher in isolates obtained from resistant varieties and only limited host-pathogen specificity was observed in cvs. Alpha and Rosita. Suppression of lesion area and sporulation were the host resistance components identified only for the variety Norteña.
Key words: Compatibility; isozymes; metalaxyl resistance; genetic resistance; host-pathogen specificity
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Recibido: Enero de 2005; Aprobado: Octubre de 2005
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
