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Madera y bosques
versión On-line ISSN 2448-7597versión impresa ISSN 1405-0471
Madera bosques vol.13 no.2 Xalapa sep. 2007
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2007.1321228
Artículos científicos
Reconstrucción del historial de incendios y estructura forestal en bosques mixtos de pino-encino en la Sierra Madre Oriental
Reconstruction of fire history and forest structure in mixed pine-oak forest in the Sierra Madre Oriental
1 Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Apartado Postal 1, 67700, Linares, Nuevo León, México, marcgonza@fcf.uanl.mx
2 Institute of Silviculture Dept. of Tropical Silviculture Büsgenweg 1 D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, lschwen@gwdg.de
3 Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. jjimenez@fcf.uanl.mx
4 Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. whimmels@fcf.uanl.mx
Los incendios forestales en México han tenido gran relevancia después de la temporada de incendios en 1998 debido a su contribución directa a la deforestación, el cambio en la estructura y composición del bosque. Además, recientemente se considera su participación directa en el incremento de bióxido de carbono en la atmósfera. Sin embargo, es muy escaso el conocimiento que se posee acerca de los efectos de los incendios sobre la estructura, composición y dinámica de los bosques de la Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO). En este trabajo, se presenta una cronosecuencia de incendios forestales (134 años) determinada a través del análisis de anillos de crecimiento en cohortes post-incendio con diferentes edades. Los objetivos del estudio fueron: (1) establecer y determinar el rango histórico de la ocurrencia de incendios forestales, (2) evaluar parámetros dendrométricos para conocer la estructura presente y así establecer sitios de referencia para programas de restauración ecológica y (3) incrementar nuestro conocimiento en los procesos de disturbio en los bosques mixtos de pino-encino en la SMO. El estudio revela que existieron diferencias significativas entre las cohortes post incendios en términos de riqueza de especies, composición y estructura del rodal. La estructura forestal fue menos diversa en rodales jóvenes comparados con los intermedios, maduros y sobremaduros. Una alta diversidad de especies arbóreas fue generalmente encontrada en rodales jóvenes, mientras que en los rodales intermedios y maduros mostraron la diversidad más baja.
Palabras clave: Análisis dendrocronológico; cronología de incendios; estructura forestal; incendios forestales; restauración; Sierra Madre Oriental
Forest fires have had a remarkable relevance since the extraordinary fire season in 1998, due to their direct contribution to deforestation, changes in forest structure, species composition, and recently to their impact on the increment of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, there is a lack of detailed information about fire impact on forest structure, species composition, and forest dynamics in the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO). In order to explain possible changes in those factors, this study has examined a chronosequence (134 years), which was determined by analysing tree ring samples in post-fire cohorts of different ages. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine forest fire historical range of occurrence, (2) quantify present forest structure and tree species composition along a fire chronosequence in order to determinate reference areas to assist restoration programs, and (3) increase the understanding of disturbance patterns in mixed pine-oak forest in this region. The study revealed significant differences between post-fire cohorts in terms of woody species rich- ness, stand composition, and structure. High tree diversity was generally found in young stands, while the intermediate and major ones showed the lowest diversity. In old stands, tree diversity was increased again.
Key words: Dendrochronological analysis; master fire chronology; forest structure; forest fire; restoration; Sierra Madre Oriental
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Recibido: 12 de Diciembre de 2005; Aprobado: 15 de Marzo de 2007
Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons
