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Revista mexicana de ciencias geológicas
versión On-line ISSN 2007-2902versión impresa ISSN 1026-8774
Rev. mex. cienc. geol vol.22 no.2 Ciudad de México jul. 2005
Artículos
Distribution and stratigraphy of deposits produced by diluted pyroclastic density currents of the 1982 eruption of El Chichón volcano, Chiapas, Mexico
Distribución y estratigrafía de depósitos producidos por oleadas piroclásticas durante la erupcion de 1982 del volcán El Chichón, Chiapas, México
1Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónona de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México D.F., México. teresasc@tonatiuh.igeofcu.unam.mx
The March 29 to April 4, 1982 eruption of El Chichón volcano in southeastern Mexico was characterized by a complex interplay between magmatic and phreatomagmatic eruptive events, that were responsible for the generation of plinian columns and concentrated and diluted density currents. Revision of the stratigraphy indicates that the interaction between magma and hydrothermal acid water played an important role during the last phases of the eruption. Diluted density currents were widely dispersed, mainly to the eastern side of the volcano due to the particular topographic conditions in this area. The overall distribution of pyroclastic surge deposits refl ects the dispersal of fallout deposits determined by the direction of tropospheric (ENE) winds at the time of the eruption. This observation suggests that near-ground winds were strong and blowing in the same direction as high altitude (<18 km) winds, thus enhancing the dispersion of the vanishing portions of the pyroclastic density currents.
Key words: pyroclastic density currents; 1982 eruption; El Chichón; Chiapas; Mexico
La erupción del volcán El Chichón en el sureste de México, ocurrida del 29 de Marzo al 4 de Abril de 1982, se caracterizó por una alternancia compleja entre eventos magmáticos y freatomagmáticos que generaron columnas plinianas, flujos y oleadas piroclásticas. La estratigrafía de los depósitos indica que la interacción entre magma y agua hidrotermal jugó un papel importante durante las últimas fases de la erupción. Las oleadas piroclásticas fueron ampliamente distribuidas hacia el oriente del volcán debido a las condiciones topográfi cas presentes en esta dirección. La distribución general de los depósitos de oleada piroclástica refl eja la distribución de los depósitos de caída, la cual fue determinada por la dirección de los vientos troposféricos (ENE) durante la erupción. Esto sugiere que los vientos cercanos al terreno eran fuertes y soplaban en la misma dirección que los vientos superiores (< 18 km), influenciando la distribución de las porciones más diluidas de las oleadas piroclásticas.
Palabras clave: oleada piroclástica; erupción de 1982; El Chichón; Chiapas; México
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The first author is indebted to Felix Sánchez S. and Edilberto Gómez E. for their invaluable help in the field. Municipal authorities and people of Chapultenango, Chiapas, are thanked for providing a roof and assistance during fieldwork. This manuscript greatly benefited from discussions with S. Hughes, and revisions by C. Siebe and A. Di Muro. This work was supported by CONACYT grants (27993-T and 38586-T to JLM), and a CONACYT-CNR bilateral project to JLM.
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Received: June 15, 2004; Revised: January 17, 2005; Accepted: March 20, 2005
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