On the identity of Mimosa margaritae and M. tricephala in Baja California, Mexico

 

Sobre la identidad de Mimosa margaritae y M. tricephala en Baja California, México

 

José Luis León de la Luz^1,3, Rosaura Grether² and Raymundo Domínguez-Cadena¹

 

¹ Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Herbario, Apdo. postal 128, 23000 La Paz, Baja California Sur, México.

² Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Departamento de Biología, Apdo. postal 55-535, 09340 México, D.F., México.

³ Autor para la correspondencia: jlleon04@cibnor.mx

 

Recibido en agosto de 2014.
Aceptado en abril de 2015.

 

ABSTRACT

Since its initial discovery, Mimosa margaritae has been known only from the type, a non-reproductive specimen collected 125 years ago on Margarita Island, off the Pacific coast of Baja California Peninsula. Other specimens from the same Peninsula were mistakenly identified as M. margaritae, but are in fact Mimosa tricephala, one of the closest relatives of M. margaritae. During recent expeditions to the island, M. margaritae was rediscovered. Here, we provide the first description of the flowers and fruits of this species. The taxonomic status of the southern peninsular endemic M. lagunensis is also discussed; we conclude that it should be treated as a variety of M. tricephala, and provide a new combination, M. tricephala var. lagunensis.

Key words: biodiversity, island flora, Leguminosae, series Lactifluae, taxonomy.

 

RESUMEN

Desde su descubrimiento, Mimosa margaritae había sido conocida solo del ejemplar tipo, un espécimen estéril, colectado hace 125 años en la isla Margarita, cercana a la costa Pacífica de la Península de Baja California. Otros ejemplares colectados en territorio peninsular habían sido determinados erróneamente como M. margaritae pero en realidad corresponden a M. tricephala, uno de los taxa más cercanos de M. margaritae. Durante exploraciones recientes a la isla, M. margaritae ha sido redescubierta. En este trabajo se describen por primera vez las flores y los frutos de esta especie. Adicionalmente, se discute el estatus taxonómico de M. lagunensis, endémica del sur peninsular, se concluye que debe ser tratada como una variedad de M. tricephala y aquí se presenta una combinación nueva, M. tricephala var. lagunensis.

Palabras clave: biodiversidad, flora insular, Leguminosae, serie Lactifluae, taxonomía.

 

The Margarita and Magdalena islands are located off the Pacific coast of the Peninsula of Baja California and are considered to be a priority terrestrial region for Mexican biodiversity [i.e., Planicies de Bahía Magdalena; Arriaga et al., 2000]. The mountains of both islands are composed largely of rocks dating from the Triassic to the Jurassic, making them some of the oldest in the Peninsula. According to Ortiz-Hernández et al. (2006), this area is one of 20 Mexican regions with serpentine rocks and magnesite deposits. The soil derived from these rocks is characterized as being limitative and selective for plant productivity (Brady et al., 2005).

The first botanical expedition to visit these islands and the neighboring peninsular region occurred in the fall of 1839, as part of the voyage of the English ship H.M.S. Sulphur. During this journey, the botanist George Barclay and the surgeon Richard Brinsly Hinds collected a great number of plants in the area of Cabo San Lucas and Bahía Magdalena. New species were described by George Bentham (1844) from these collections, but curiously they did not collect any species of Mimosa in such areas.

Between 1889 and 1902, the Californian botanist Townshend Stith Brandegee made several trips to the southern part of the Baja Peninsula. During the course of the first trip, which occurred between January and April of 1889, he explored the Bahía Magdalena region, and visited the Margarita and Magdalena islands (Moran, 1952), gathering collections of ca. 150 taxa, including a dozen of new species. In the checklist of the plants encountered during that trip, Brandegee (1889) listed a collection of an unknown species of Mimosa, with the annotation: “small bush neither in flower nor fruit, common in Santa Margarita Island”.

In their revision of North American Mimosaceae, Britton and Rose (1928) treated 116 species of Mimosa, the last of which was published as “Mimosa (?) Margaritae Rose, sp. nov.” based on the specimen collected by Brandegee, originally deposited at UC, with a fragment and a photo in NY and US. In his revision of Mimosa, Barneby (1991) maintained M. margaritae, describing it as “an obscure mimosa, resembling in foliage the 2-jugate state of M. caerulea Rose, but remotely allopatric and the flower and pod as yet unknown.”

Despite many subsequent expeditions by botanists in Baja California, including the Bahía Magdalena islands (Wiggins, 1964, 1980), the species was not, as far as we know, recollected until very recently. Wiggins’ inclusion of M. margaritae in the key to the species of Mimosa in these floras was based on misidentified specimens gathered on the peninsular land [I. L. Wiggins 15333 (MEXU ex DS), A. Carter & R. S. Ferris 3327 (MEXU ex DS and UC), R. Moran 18994 (MEXU ex SD), and D. M. Porter 321 (MEXU ex DS)], which in fact correspond to M. tricephala Schltdl. & Cham.

We re-examined all of the existing material (digital images) of the original collection by Brandegee, comprising a sheet at UC (UC 0084040), and photo and fragment of that sheet at US (US 00000882) and NY (NY 00002571), which were probably taken from the original UC sheet (Barneby, 1991), which should be considered to be the holotype. This bears the annotation Mimosa margaritae n. sp. in Rose’s handwriting, whereas the NY material bears the annotation Mimosa margaritae B. & R. [Britton & Rose], examined for North American Flora. The description of the photo and fragment at NY as the holotype in the (GPI) JSTOR website (Anonymous, 2013) was incorrect, since it is a secondary and partial representation of the UC sheet and the leaf fragment originates from US. In addition to Rose’s annotation, the UC sheet bears the following annotation from Benjamin Lincoln Robinson: “I do not place this and am inclined to doubt the genus, B. L. R. If you ever get flowers or fruits, please send me some.” Although it lacks reproductive structures, in the context of Mimosa, the Brandegee collection has a recognizable combination of branches with brachyblasts, straight to recurved prickles irregularly arranged along the internodes, and leaves with 1(2) pairs of pinnae and 5-7 pairs of obliquely linear-oblong leaflets.

In September 2012, under the auspices of the Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), we found, in the northeastern part of Margarita Island, a pair of individuals of Mimosa margaritae, one of them still with flowers and the other with fruits. The two individuals were separated by 2 km distance along a trail, suggesting that the existing population is of low density. Here we provide an updated treatment of the species with the first description of the flowers and fruits.

Another geographically proximal and closely related taxon, Mimosa lagunensis M. E. Jones, inhabits the oak-pine woodland of the Sierra de La Laguna in the heart of the Cape Region in the south of the Peninsula. Since the time of its initial publication (Jones, 1933), the validity of this taxon has been controversial, since it is close to M. tricephala Schltdl. & Cham. var. xanti (A. Gray) Chehaibar & R. Grether, this latter is widespread in the Baja California Cape Region, and in mainland Mexico.

According to Morton (1945), the original description of M. lagunensis was based on mixed material comprising the type collection from the Sierra de La Laguna (Jones 27270, erroneously published as 27290 in the protologue) and another Mimosa from [El] Cayuca [o] Ranch, near Loreto, Baja California Sur (Jones 27272). For details of collection localities and dates, see Jones (1935), Blake (1945) and Morton (1945). The latter collection, although labeled as M. lagunensis was not cited in the protologue of M. lagunensis by Jones and actually is M. distachya Cav. var. distachya, a member of series Distachyae (Barneby, 1991).

Mimosa lagunensis differs from M. distachya var. distachya by the leaves with one [versus 2-4(5)] pair of pinnae and (5-)8-12 (versus 3-6(-7)) pairs of obliquely oblong to lanceolate (versus obliquely oblong, obovate, elliptic or oblanceolate) leaflets, the flowers arranged in heads (versus spikes), and the pods with (1)2-4 (versus 5-8) articles, thus the two taxa are clearly distinct.

However, Morton (1945) considered M. lagunensis to be a synonym of M. xanti [now treated as M. tricephala var. xanti], and he suggested that M. margaritae is also a form of M. xanti. Chehaibar (1988) examined specimens from the Baja California Peninsula and from the entire distribution range (Michoacán to Chiapas, Morelos and Puebla in Mexico; Guatemala, and Honduras) of M. tricephala var. xanti, but not from Margarita Island. On these bases, she adopted Morton’s concept for these taxa, thus placing M. margaritae and M. lagunensis in the synonymy of M. tricephala var. xanti.

However, Barneby (1991) treated M. xanti as a species different from M. tricephala. He tentatively recognized taxa A, B, C, and D in a key to the members of the Mimosa xanti complex, including M. lagunensis, among others, and excluding M. margaritae as a distinct species.

Several members of this group have been recognized as varieties of Mimosa tricephala (Grether, 2000): M. tricephala var. tricephala occurring in Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, and Morelos) and Costa Rica; M. tricephala var. xanti distributed in Mexico (Baja California Sur, Michoacán, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas), Guatemala, and Honduras; and two other taxa endemic to Mexico: M. tricephala var. lignosa (Micheli) Chehaibar & R. Grether known from Michoacán, and M. tricephala var. nelsonii (B. L. Robinson) Chehaibar & R. Grether occurring in Michoacán and Oaxaca, although the taxonomic status of M. lagunensis has not been established yet.

To test the taxonomic validity of the three taxa occurring in Baja California, we gathered a variety of morphological data from specimens of M. lagunensis, M. tricephala var. xanti, and M. margaritae deposited mainly at the herbaria HCIB and MEXU. The specimens were collected from the oak-pine woodland and tropical deciduous forest of the Sierra de La Laguna, from the xerophyllous scrubland in the peninsular lowlands and coastal dunes, as well as from Margarita Island.

The main differences are presented in Table 1 and outlined in Fig. 1. Based on these data, we conclude that: a) M. margaritae and M. tricephala are closely related but distinct species; b) M. lagunensis is conspecific with M. tricephala; and c) within M. tricephala there exist two varieties in the Baja California Peninsula, var. lagunensis and var. xanti.

 

TAXONOMIC TREATMENT

Mimosa margaritae Rose, North Amer. Fl. 23(3): 171. 1928. Fig.1 (Mm), Fig.2.

Shrubs 0.6-1 m tall, up to 1.5 m² in canopy cover; xylopodium present; old branches stout, striate, with brachyblasts, branchlets striate, puberulent, glabrate, armed with straight to recurved prickles, irregularly distributed along the internodes. Bipinnate leaves 3-6(-8) cm long, stipules subulate, 1-2 mm long, glabrous, margin setose; petioles 1-3 cm long, puberulent to sparsely setose, glabrescent; pinnae 1(2) pairs, 2-3.5 cm long; leaflets (4-)5-9(-10) pairs, 5-7 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, obliquely linear-oblong, glabrous in both surfaces, glaucous, venation prominent on the abaxial surface, apex acute, mucronulate, margin setose, sensitive to touch. Inflorescences consisting of axillary capitula, solitary with (40-)60-120 flowers each, 1-1.7 cm in diameter including the stamens, peduncles 2-5 cm long, floral bracts 1/5-1/4 of corolla length, pedicels 0.2-0.3 mm long. Flowers mainly bisexual, some staminate; calyx 1/10-1/6 of corolla length, campanulate; corolla 2-2.5 mm long, pinkish, 4-lobed, lobes 1/5-1/4 of corolla length, glabrous to ciliolate; stamens 4, filaments free to base, pink, anthers 0.4-0.7 mm long; ovary glabrous, stigma poriform. Pods subsessile, 2.5-5 cm long, 7-9 mm wide, oblong, straight to slightly curved, constricted between seeds, reddish-brown, sparsely setose on valves and margin, with 2-5 articles, apex acuminate to cuspidate; seeds 4-5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 1 mm thick, testa reddish-brown, smooth, pleurogram 90%.

Type: MEXICO. Lower California, Santa Margarita Island, 28.II.1889, T. S. Brandegee s.n. (UC84040, photo and fragment NY00002571, US00000882).

Additional specimens examined: MEXICO. Baja California Sur, Bahía Magdalena, Isla Margarita, 1 km al norte de El Blanquiscal, 24.512996° N, 111.988027° W, alt. 105 m, arroyo rocoso-pedregoso, con matorral xerófilo, 20.IX.2012, J. L. León de la Luz 11471 (HCIB, MEXU, UAMIZ); Bahía Magdalena, Isla Margarita, Punta norte, El Blanquiscal, 24.512996° N, 111.988027° W, alt. 99 m, arroyo pedregoso con matorral xerófilo, 8.XI.2013, J. L. León de la Luz 11854 (HCIB, MEXU, UAMIZ); Bahía Magdalena, Isla Margarita, arroyo al norte de Puerto Alcatraz, 24.509545° N, 111.896235° W, alt. 91 m, matorral xerófilo, 18.III.2014, J. L. León de la Luz 12051(HCIB, MEXU, UAMIZ).

Distribution and habitat: Few individuals are known growing along northeastern arroyos on sandy soils, at elevations between 10 m and 105 m.

Phenology: Flowering and fruiting from September to March.

Notes: Mimosa margaritae is placed in series Lactifluae (Barneby) R. Grether. It is similar to M. caerulea Rose, which occurs in central Mexico. Both have mainly leaves with 1(2) pairs of pinnae and glaucous leaflets. Moreover, in both species the shape of the basal branches suggests that they sprout from a xylopodium. Mimosa margaritae can be distinguished from M. tricephala by the xylopodium, the leaves with 1(2) [versus always 1] pairs of pinnae, the narrower and completely glabrous leaflets, the smaller, glabrous to marginally ciliolate corolla lobes, and the sparsely setose pods (Table 1).

Mimosa tricephala Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 591. 1830.

A complete description of this species, including the four previously known varieties, is encountered in Martínez-Bernal et al. (2008). Here, the two varieties of Mimosa tricephala occurring in Baja California Peninsula are treated.

Mimosa tricephala Schltdl. & Cham. var. lagunensis (M. E. Jones) León de la Luz et R. Grether, comb. et stat. nov. Mimosa lagunensis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 18: 39. 1933.

Shrubs to 1.8 m tall, up to 3 m² in canopy cover; xylopodium absent; old branches terete to striate, with brachyblasts, branchlets ribbed, sparsely hispid, glabrate, armed with straight to recurved prickles, irregularly distributed along the internodes. Bipinnate leaves 3-6 cm long, stipules subulate, 1-2 mm long, glabrous, margin setose; petioles 0.5-1.5(-2.5) cm long, puberulent and setose; pinnae 1 pair, 2-4 cm long; leaflets (5-)8-12 pairs, 6-15 mm long, 3-6.5 mm wide, obliquely oblong to lanceolate, glabrous on both surfaces or sparsely setose and arachnoid abaxially, dark green on the adaxial surface, pale green abaxially, venation prominent on the abaxial surface, apex acute, mucronulate, margin setose, sensitive to touch. Inflorescences consisting of axillary capitula, solitary or in fascicles of 2, with (35-)50-110 flowers each, 1.6-1.8 cm in diameter including stamens, peduncles 1-3 cm long, floral bracts 1/2-2/3 of corolla length. Flowers sessile, mainly bisexual, some staminate; calyx 1/5-1/4 of corolla length, campanulate; corolla 2.4-2.5 mm long, pinkish, 4-lobed, lobes 1/2-2/3 of corolla length, puberulent; stamens 4, filaments free to base, lilac, anthers 0.3 mm long, ovary glabrous, stigma poriform. Pods stipitate, the stipe 2-5 mm long, 2-4 cm long, 5-7 mm wide, oblong, straight, constricted between seeds, reddish brown, with (1)2-4 articles, sparsely setose and arachnoid, glabrate on valves and margin, apex apiculate to caudate, the beak 1.5-3 mm long; seeds 4 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 1.5 mm thick, testa light brown, smooth, pleurogram 95%.

Type: MEXICO. Lower California, on the laguna, Laguna mts., 22.IX.1930, M. E. Jones 27270 (RSA0003550, isotypes A00065115, LA00000138, RSA0003549, US00000868).

Additional specimens examined. MEXICO. Baja California Sur, Sierra La Victoria, oak woodland, 26.VII.1996, J. Delgadillo s.n. (BCMEX 9019); Sierra de La Laguna, oak-pine woodland, 27.XII.1947, A. Carter et al. 2437 (MEXU 55088), 9.XII.1986, J. L. León de la Luz 2283 (HCIB 14540), 29.VIII.1989, 2829 (HCIB5103), 17.IX.1989, 4039 (HCIB 3718), 15.IX.1999, 9519 (HCIB 12563), 9.X.1986, R. Domínguez Cadena 293 (HCIB 5832), 22.X.1977, D. E. Breedlove and D. I. Axelrod 43323 (MEXU 281262), 21.X.1977, 43212 (MEXU 373158); 7.XI.1959, I. L. Wiggins 15333 (MEXU 107830 ex DS), 18.X.1985, P. Tenorio et al. 10579 (MEXU 533200).

Distribution and habitat: The taxon is endemic to the oak-pine woodland of the Sierra de La Laguna, at elevations between 1400 m and 2100 m.

Phenology: Flowering and fruiting from May to September.

Notes: The characters that distinguish M. tricephala var. lagunensis from M. tricephala var. xanti are the glabrous (versus hispid) stipules, the larger leaflets of the former, the longer floral bracts, the puberulent (versus pubescent) and longer corolla lobes, and the sparsely setose, arachnoid, but glabrate (versus strigose to hispid and pubescent) legumes (Table 1; Fig. 1).

Mimosa tricephala Schltdl. & Cham. var. xanti (A. Gray) Chehaibar et R. Grether, Novon 10: 32. 2000. Mimosa xanti A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 157. 1862. Type: MEXICO. Lower California, Cape San Lucas & c., VIII.1859-I.1860, L. J. Xantus 29 (GH, isotypes K 000082461, NY, US).

Mimosa zacapana Standley & Steyermark, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 57. 1944. Type: GUATEMALA. Zacapa, rocky slopes near Santa Rosalía, 4.X.1939, J. A. Steyermark 29018 (F).

Shrubs to 2.5 m tall, up to 2.5 m² in canopy cover; xylopodium absent; old branches striate, with brachyblasts, branchlets striate, densely hispid, armed with straight to recurved prickles, irregularly distributed along internodes. Bipinnate leaves 2-5 cm long, stipules subulate, 1-2 mm long, hispid, margin setose; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long, hispid and pubescent, pinnae 1 pair, 1.5-4 cm long, leaflets 5-12(-15) pairs, 5-12 mm long, 2.5-5 mm wide, obliquely oblong, dark green, puberulent to glabrous on the adaxial surface, pale green, setose and villous to arachnoid on the abaxial surface, venation prominent on the abaxial surface, apex acute, mucronulate, margin setose, sensitive to touch. Inflorescences consisting of axillary capitula, solitary or in fascicles of 2-3, with (45-)50-115 flowers each, 1-1.5 cm in diameter including stamens, peduncles 1-3 cm long, floral bracts 1/3-1/2 of corolla length. Flowers sessile, mainly bisexual, some staminate; calyx 1/5-1/4 of corolla length, campanulate; corolla 2.7-2.8 mm long, pinkish, 4-lobed, lobes 1/3-1/2 of corolla length, pubescent; stamens 4, filaments free to base, lilac, anthers 0.3 mm long, ovary pilose, stigma poriform. Pods sessile, 1.5-3(-5) cm long, 5-7 mm wide, oblong, straight, constricted between seeds, reddish brown, with 2-4(-6) articles, strigose to hispid and pubescent on valves and margin, apex apiculate to caudate, the beak 2-4 mm long; seeds 4 mm long, 4 mm wide, 1 mm thick, testa brown, smooth, pleurogram 95%.

Additional specimens examined. MEXICO. Baja California Sur, Sierra de La Laguna, tropical deciduous forest, 28.V.1988, J. L. León de la Luz 2462 (HCIB 5841; MEXU 493286), 21.VIII.1987, 2740 (HCIB 5831), 22.VIII.1987, 2780a (HCIB 1793), 2.II.2008, 4233 (HCIB 24010), 23.VI.1988, T. S. Elias et al. 10768 (MEXU 662329), 13.IX.1992, P. Tenorio 18486 (MEXU 674806); from the xerophyllous scrubland of the peninsula, 8.VII.2011, A. Medel Narváez 11-090 (HCIB 26651), 27.IX.2011, 11-143 (HCIB 27091); 27.II.1986, J. L. León de la Luz 1110 (HCIB 14207; MEXU 431279, 431333), 27.II.1986, 1120 (HCIB 1792), 22.X.1999, 9594 (HCIB 2481), 19.X.1996, M. Domínguez León 1736 (HCIB 9872; MEXU 1275067), 20.II.1960, D. M. Porter 321 (MEXU ex DS), 13.VII.1972, A. J. Gilmartin 1960 (MEXU 600711); from Sierra de la Giganta, ca. 24°55´N, 14.X.2000, J. P. Rebman 6999 (HCIB 19866, UCR 149744), 7.XI.2001, R. Domínguez Cadena 2571 (HCIB 17171), 22.IX.1974, R. Moran 21346 (SD 88100); from pine-oak forest, 1.XI.1985, R. Domínguez Cadena 81 (HCIB 1794; MEXU 431757).

Distribution and habitat: Most of the populations of this taxon in Baja California can be found in the coastal and lowland zones of the Cape Region, from sea level to 1000 m elevation, although it also occurs sporadically in the eastern foothills of the Sierra de la Giganta. This taxon is also found in western, central, and southern Mexico, extending to Guatemala and Honduras.

Phenology: Flowering and fruiting from May to November.

Notes: Mimosa tricephala var. xanti is distinguished from M. tricephala var. lagunensis by the densely hispid branchlets, the hispid stipules, the shorter floral bracts and pubescent corolla lobes, as well as by the strigose to hispid and pubescent legumes (Table 1; Fig. 1).

The typical variety of Mimosa tricephala is distinguished from M. tricephala var. lagunensis and M. tricephala var. xanti mainly by the pubescent stipules and the legumes which are densely and largely hirsute, with setae of 2-4 mm long, not rigid on valves and margin.

In the phylogenetic analyses of Simon et al. (2011), Mimosa tricephala represented by variety nelsonii (B.L. Robinson) Chehaibar & R. Grether and other members of series Lactifluae (M. lactiflua Delile ex Benth., M. sicyocarpa B. L. Robinson, M. deamii B. L. Robinson, M. psilocarpa B. L. Robinson, and M. goldmanii B. L. Robinson) are grouped in the Mexican clade V. As a consequence, it is expected that the taxa treated here are also nested within this clade.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Expeditions to Bahía Magdalena area were supported by grant HJ002 of the Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) to the first author (2009-20012). Alfonso Medel Narváez participated in the expeditions. The authors wish to express their appreciation to M. Sc. Teresa Chehaibar for her critical review of the manuscript, to Dr. Mare Nazaire, Herbarium RSA-POM and Dr. Andrew Doran, Herbarium UC, for their assistance to access the images of type specimens. Danira León Coria made the illustration. Special thanks to the anonymous referees for their critical reviews that greatly enhanced the former version of the manuscript.

 

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