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Investigación económica
versão impressa ISSN 0185-1667
Inv. Econ vol.61 no.235 Ciudad de México Jan./Mar. 2001
Artículos
La transformación mundial del capitalismo. Implicaciones para México
The world transformation of the capitalism. Implications for Mexico
*Profesor titular de tiempo completo "C" en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Economía, mriver@servidor.unam.mx.
Hacia mediados de los noventa, México había entrado en una etapa relativamente avanzada de su proceso de transformación capitalista; pero, paradójicamente, ello no impidió que persistieran viejos problemas socioeconómicos y aparecieran otros nuevos. Se argumenta que para entender esta situación habría que partir del amplísimo cambio mundial que ha modificado los referentes que explicaban la integración internacional de los países en desarrollo. Ante el surgimiento de un nuevo paradigma tecnológico y el profundo cambio en la organización del espacio mundial, están operando poderosas fuerzas de atracción que han determinado no sólo el agotamiento de las viejas formas de integración internacional, sino también la aparición de nuevos vínculos orgánicos con el capitalismo global. Desafortunadamente, la reinserción internacional de México no ha conducido a fortalecer un núcleo tecnológico endógeno, por lo que cabe tipificarlo como un proceso más bien pasivo que activo, tendiendo por ello a agudizar viejos desequilibrios y hacer aparecer otros. Para fundamentar esta interpretación se discuten los principales aspectos del cambio mundial y, con el apoyo de la noción de industrialización tardía y aprendizaje tecnológico, se sugieren algunas líneas de respuesta nacional.
By mid 90s Mexico had entered a relatively advanced stage of its capitalistic transformation process, but paradoxically this did not prevent that persisted of old socio-economic problems and the appearance of new ones. It is argued that in order to understand this situation we should depart from the widest world change that has modified the framework that explain the international integration of developing countries. With the emergence of a new technological paradigm and the deep change in the organization of the world space, are operating powerful attracting forces that are determining not only the depletion of the old forms of international integration, but also the appearance of new organic links with the global capitalism. Unfortunately, the international integration of Mexico has not led to strengthen an endogenous technological core, therefore its integration is a rather passive process that active one, tending because of this to reinforce old imbalances and make to appear others. To support this interpretation, some of main aspects of the world change are discussed and with the support of the late industrialization notion and technological learning paradigm, some national response lines are suggested.
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Recibido: Febrero de 1999; Aprobado: Septiembre de 2000
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