Meso– and nano– magnetoelectricity: a review

M.E. Fuentesª, L. Fuentes^b*, R. Olivera^b, and M. García^b

ª Autonomous University of Chihuahua (UACh), Campus Universitario Chihuahua, Chih. 31000, México.

^b Advanced Materials Research Center (CIMAV), Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Miguel de Cervantes 120 Chihuahua, Chih. 31109, México, *e–mail: luis.fuentes@cimav.edu.mx

Recibido el 9 de junio de 2006
Aceptado el 5 de septiembre de 2006

Abstract

The physics of magnetoelectric phenomena, on different scales, is discussed. At macro– and mesoscopic levels, the best performance today is obtained by magnetostrictive–piezoelectric composites. Magnetoelectric coupling is obtained by means of an elastic link. The Carman model for magneto–elasto–electric interaction is presented. Recent experimental results are commented on. A mesoscopic analysis of single–phased magnetoelectric materials is presented. Effective properties of single–crystals and textured polycrystals are mathematically characterized and references to recent experimental reports are given. Some basic questions regarding the atomic–level physics of magnetoelectric multiferroics are discussed. Quantum mechanical conditions for the co–existence of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic structures are investigated. The approach of Spaldin and coworkers, and its computational implementation, are analyzed. The search for a critical size associated with ferroic phenomena is described. Representative contributions are mentioned. Experimental work and computational modeling running at CIMAV and UACh are described.

Keywords: Magnetoelectricity; multiferroic materials; nano–composites.

Resumen

Se discute la física de los fenómenos megnetoeléctricos a diferentes escalas. A niveles macro– y mesoscópico los compósitos magnetoestrictivo–piezoelectrico exhiben hoy los mejores desempeños. El acoplamiento magnetoeléctrico se obtiene mediante un vínculo elástico. Se presenta el modelo de Carman para la interacción magneto–elasto–eléctrica. Se comenta resultados experimentales representativos. Se expone un análisis mesoscópico de materiales magnetoeléctricos monofásicos. Se dan referencias a desarrollos experimentales recientes. Se discuten cuestiones básicas de la física de la magnetoelectricidad a nivel atómico. Se investigan las condiciones mecano–cuánticas para la coexistencia de ferroelectricidad y ferromagnetismo. Se describe la busqueda de un tamaño crítico para la desaparición de los efectos ferroicos. Se mencionan los trabajos experimentales y de computo desarrollados por CIMAV y la UACh en magnotoelectricidad.

Descriptores: Magnetoelectricidad; materiales multiferroicos; nanocompósitos.

PACS: 75.80.+q; 77.84.–s; 75.50.Dd

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Acknowledgements

The present research was supported by CONACYT – Project CIAM 42361.

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