Introduction:

Paralytic strabismus in diabetic patients is more common in adults and more frequent in those with a long history of diabetes. It affects the cranial nerves III, IV and VI.

Methods:

We analyzed data from the clinical records of the Strabismus Service of the Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmología, from January 2015 to March 2017, looking for patients with diagnosis of oculomotor nerves palsy (III, IV, VI). We also analyzed the evolution between the patients treated with botulinum toxin injection and those without treatment (observation). Descriptive statistics parameters were analyzed.

Results:

The most frequent etiology of oculomotor palsies was the microvascular with 76%. The most affected cranial nerve in the general population was the VI nerve with 41.33%. The most affected cranial nerve in diabetic patients was the III cranial nerve with 24 cases, followed by the VI cranial nerve with 22 cases and the least affected was the IV cranial nerve with 7 cases. Botulinum toxin was applied to 17 patients and 36 patients were observed without treatment. Of the 17 patients that required injection, 5 had paralysis of the III cranial nerve and 12 of the VI cranial nerve.

Conclusions:

The III cranial nerve was the most affected in diabetic patients. Botulinum toxin is effective in the majority of cases and provides a fast and effective response. The response to botulinum toxin varies depending on the magnitude of the deviation, with a slower recovery in cases of greater deviation.

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